Exam (elaborations)
Music in American Culture Exam 1
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Music in American Culture Exam 1
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Music in American Culture Exam 1"American Culture" - ANSWER-In the first two and a half centuries of colonization, the
European settlers of the Americas didn't have much in the way of a distinctive culture -it
was largely copied from Europe with slight references to American life. We start to see
this change in the mid-18th c, when truly American culture in literature, art and music
begins to take on an identity of its own
19th Century Instrumental Art Music in AmericaBand Music in 19th c. America -
ANSWER--evolved from the military band tradition-large ensemble without strings, but
include:percussion (from military bands)newly developed brass instrumentssaxhorns
-soon to be called saxophones-the popularly of these bands, largely made up of
citizens trained in the military, led to municipal band tradition all across America-
sometimes blurs the distinction between art and popular music(LG 5.1
19th Century Vocal Art Music in America
Opera in America - ANSWER--not only European composers, but the first opera
productions were European performers and production companies-1825: Garcia Troupe
opened in New York, performing Rossini's Barber of Sevillein Italian
-Maria Garcia Malibran (right) -the first musical star (performer) in the US
-from a late Renaissance (1600s) Italian tradition, opera combines solosinging, chorus
and orchestra with theatrical staging
-audiences interacted with performers, prompting curtain calls, repeated arias and
established envirnment for what became known as diva
African American Music in the North vs. South - ANSWER-North: Music in (relative)
Freedom(in the South musicwas made within slavery)
African Musical Influences in America Before the Civil War('Africanisms'): - ANSWER--
Polyrhythm / Syncopation-Focus on Percussion / Voice-Call and Response-Music in
Everyday Life-Spectators as Performers-Blues notes (bent pitches)
American Art Music - ANSWER--NOT alwayssynonymous with classical music
-expressive of complex ideas and concepts
-strong ideal of creative expression
-usually based in theoretical understanding
-privileges musical virtuosity and/or notation
American Folk Music - ANSWER--"music of the people"
-based on cultural traditions
-often reflective of real life
-minimal emphasis on virtuosity
-musical training not as forma
, American Popular Music - ANSWER--focuses on entertainment
-accessible to a wide audience
-drives the music industry
-minimal imperative for expressive creativity
-priority on idealized sound
Art Music - ANSWER-an established theoretical basis; "literate" music that
abstractlyexpresses ideas and emotions
Art Music as Commercein 19th Century America - ANSWER-REVIEWING "Art Music"-
NOT always synonymous with classical music-expressive of complex ideas -creative
expression-theoretical understanding-privileges musical virtuosity and/or notation
Articulation - ANSWER-variance in howa note is played (attack, decay, sustain -
staccato vs legato
Beat - ANSWER-the basic pulse of music
Benefit Concerts vs. Subscription Concerts - ANSWER--two business models,
balancing risk and reward Both shared many features:
-variety programming
-employed touring performers along with local musicians
-at first, temporary halls, ultimately dedicate rooms, then buildings
Billings' Musical Style - ANSWER-composer of text as well as music-"Nature is the best
dictator... I don't find myself tied to any rules of composition"-forceful and stirring, but
sometimes awkward, owing to his lack ofcompositional training
Bishop Richard Allen(1760-1831) - ANSWER--born into slavery in Philadelphia
-purchased his own freedom
-1801 published A Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs
-co-founder of Bethel AME Church
-AME Hymns included refrainsand lining out in heterophony to accommodate a distinctly
African American approach to psalmody(LG 4.2)
Boston's Handel and Haydn Society - ANSWER--the same group that published Lowell
Mason's Collection of Church Music
-singularly responsible for the introduction and growth of Oratorio performance in the
US
Broadside Ballads - ANSWER-no musical notation, just words with what known melody
to sing(American Music as Propaganda: Patriotic Songs
Calvinist Psalmody - ANSWER-focus on congregational singing; simple and direct-no
instrumental accompaniment-scriptural text (from Psalms) ONLY
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