Chapter 1
Test Item File
Danica G. Hays and Bradley T.
Erford
M
ED
C
Developing Multicultural
O
Counseling Competence: A
N
N
Systems Approach
O
4th Edition
IS
SE
Danica G. Hays
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
U
Bradley T. Erford
R
Peabody College at Vanderbilt University
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: The Culturally Competent Counselor 1
Learning Outcome Quizzes 1
Application Exercises 17
Test Items 21
Test Answer Key 29
M
ED
C
O
N
N
O
IS
SE
U
R
Although reason, logic, and emotions are important for counselors to consider when working
with clients, these concepts are not known as the three forces in counseling.
O
[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]
Although psychodynamic conceptualization and intervention models are one of the three forces
N
in counseling, interpersonal and intrapersonal factors are important to counseling but are not the
other two forces in counseling. Generally speaking, interpersonal refers to interactions that
N
occur between two or more people, whereas intrapersonal interactions occur within a single
intervention.
O
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Emotional, cognitive, and behavioral factors are explored in each of the three forces in
IS
counseling, but these factors alone are not commonly known as forces in counseling.
[Feedback for Correct Answer 4]
SE
Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic-existential conceptualization and
intervention models are supported as the three forces of counseling.
[Q2]
U
An arbitrary classification system of individuals based on physical characteristics is called:
R
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
Although ethnicity is often related to race, ethnicity refers to common cultural values that cannot
be seen in an individual’s physical appearance.
, [Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
Race is determined based on an individual’s physical characteristics and is considered arbitrary
because individuals from different races can share common features and can be viewed on a
continuum rather than as distinct categories.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Ableism refers to the tendency to favor individuals who do not have a physical or intellectual
disability.
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Religion is a set of commonly held spiritual beliefs and practices.
M
[Q3]
Which of the following is an ongoing, multidimensional process that maintains a hierarchical
ED
racial classification system?
1. Internalized racism
2. Racism [correct]
C
3. Culture
4. Cognitive costs
O
[Feedback for Answer Choice 1]
N
Internalized racism occurs when members of an oppressed group believe negative messages
from the dominant culture.
N
[Feedback for Correct Answer 2]
O
Racism is an ongoing process in which certain races gain inherent privilege over others and,
thus, maintains a hierarchical racial classification system.
IS
[Feedback for Answer Choice 3]
Culture can refer to any set of commonly held values and beliefs.
SE
[Feedback for Answer Choice 4]
Cognitive costs are mental burdens experienced by individuals and are not solely related to
issues of race and class.
U
[Q4]
R
Which approach to multicultural awareness focuses on universal qualities that are generalizable
to members of all cultural groups?
1. Etic [correct]
2. Emic
3. Within group
4. Between group
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