WWI - ANS > (, America- )
"Beginning of 20th Century war", 1st modern war, traditional war
Traditional war - ANS > put emphasis on aggressive offensive, speed, discipline, strategy- maneuvering w/o giving up many people
Cavalry- horseback men- many at beginning of war.
Not much...
"Beginning of 20th Century war", 1st modern war, traditional war
Traditional war - ANS > put emphasis on aggressive offensive, speed, discipline, strategy- maneuvering
w/o giving up many people
Cavalry- horseback men- many at beginning of war.
Not much had changed since Napoleon's time
Old Meets New- Technology advanced more rapidly than war changing warfare permanently
Sniper riffle, with javal, and gas mask on horseback 19th C. meets 20th C.
Technology advanced, but offensive strategy and leaders did not change-> stalemate
Protected what they had-> dig in-> trench warfare - most distinguished thing about WWI
Trenches- as deep as 50 ft. 1300 miles of unbroken trench
Rats eaten, trench foot from feces and dirtiness in trench.
Goal of trench warfare- flush enemy out of their trench
Developed War of Attrition - ANS > flush enemy out. Deplete other side's resources (biggest resource-
men)
Purpose of war becomes killing "bleed the enemy white"
Hope becomes kill more than you lose, make them run out first
Spring 1917- allies near defeat, but Americans came and brought hope and men
Britain has proportionately lost the most men
American intervention ended War of Attrition
Armstice - ANS > Nov. 11, 1918
Central Powers ( ) began to withdraw. Last nation of central powers remaining was Germany. Germany
proposed armistice- proposal to discuss peace terms (not surrender) Allies accept a seize fire. "The 11th
hr armistice"
The Big Four - ANS > The Peace: 1919 3rd stage of America's involvement
, All nations meet in Versailles. Germany wanted treaty based on 14 points
Big 4- US: Wilson
Britain- Lloyd George wanted revenge against germ
France- Clemenceau wanted revenge against germ
Italy- Orlando - went home when realized wouldn't get what they wanted
Wilson went to Versailles alone to get League of nations especially
Treaty of Versailles - ANS > Treaty signed- 440 clauses 414- were punishing Germany directly
Germany had lost territory to France Germany had to limit army to 100,000 men
Reparations - ANS > Wilson said if we cripple them then we will all be affected but fran and brit ignored
him. Germany forced to pay entire allied war cost- $9 mill
$33 bill (then) in financial penalty for starting and continuing war
Goal- cripple germany financially
War Guilt - ANS > had to sign "War Guilt"- it was all our fault for starting/continuing the war
Wilson- tried to be voice of reason. Agreed with everything just to get League of Nations in. When he
brought it back to Cong., Lodge (R) in Cong. Was ticked off
Wilson said accept it or reject it, bc Wilson did not want to change it, Senate rejected. Irony----- fran and
brit join,we didn't
1920 - ANS > sole referendum-> LoN
Campaigning->stroke->went veg. so Democrats replaced him with (R.)
LoN never brought up again
Irony- Wilson sacrifices what he thinks about reparation to get the LoN and we don't even join
Who won ec.
• *****Importance- must understand WWI to understand WWII.
Hitler- seeked revenge for Treaty of Versailles
Reparations- international issue/ impact
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