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CNIT 176 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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CNIT 176 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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CNIT 176FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Abstract data type - Answers-A data type whose properties (data and operations) are
specified independently of any particular implementation
LIFO - Answers-last in first out
Composite data type - Answers-A data type in which a name is given to a collection of
data values
List - Answers-"container of items", logical operations that can be applied are: Add item,
Remove item, Get next item, or More items
Container - Answers-Object's whole role is to hold and manipulate other objects
Stack - Answers-An abstract data type in which accesses are made at only one end
(LIFO)
Data structure - Answers-Implementation of composite data fields in an abstract data
type
Push - Answers-insert on a stack
Array- based - Answers-Objects in the container are kept in an array
Pop - Answers-delete on a stack
Linked-based - Answers-Objects in the container are not kept physically together, but
each items tells you where to go to get the next one in the structure
,Queue - Answers-An abstract data type in which items are entered at one end and
removed from the other end (FIFO)
FIFO - Answers-first in first out
Multiprogramming - Answers-the technique of keeping multiple programs in main
memory at the same time
Frame - Answers-a fixed size portion of main memory that holds a process page
Batch processing - Answers-The first operating system was a human operator who
organized various jobs from multiple users into batches of jobs that needed the same
resources
Page - Answers-a fixed size portion of a process that is stored into a memory frame
Time sharing - Answers-allows multiple users to interact with a computer at the same
time
Swap - Answers-the act of bringing in a page from secondary memory, which often
causes another page to be written back to secondary memory
Round robin - Answers-each process runs for a specified time slice and moves from the
running state to the ready state to wait its turn if not finished
Dynamic partitions - Answers-partitions are created as needed to fit the programs
waiting to be loaded
Non preemptive - Answers-the currently executing process gives up the CPU voluntarily
Preemptive - Answers-the operating system decides to favor another process
Turnaround time - Answers-the amount of time between when a process arrives in the
ready state the first time and when it exits the running state for the last time
Bounds register - Answers-a register that holds the length of the current partition
Quantum - Answers-The amount of time each process receives before being preempted
and returned to the ready state to allow another process its turn, also called Time Slice
First fit - Answers-allocate program to the first partition big enough to hold it
Best fit - Answers-allocate program to the smallest partition big enough to hold it
Worst fit - Answers-allocate program to the biggest partition able to hold it
, BIOS - Answers-Where hardware meets software, and where all the boot magic begins;
BIOS code is baked into the motherboard of your pc, usually stored on what is called an
EEPROM and is considerably hardware specific.
Partition table - Answers-an index of up to four partitions that exist on the same disk, a
table of contents
Thrashing - Answers-inefficient processing caused by constant page swaps
Single Contiguous Memory Management - Answers-only 2 programs in memory-
operating system and application program
Process control block - Answers-a data structure used by the operating system to
manage information about a process
Fixed partitions - Answers-memory is divided into fixed number of partitions in which
programs can be loaded
Context switch - Answers-the exchange of register information
First come, first serve - Answers-processes are moved to the CPU in the order they
arrive in the running state
Shortest job next - Answers-process with the shortest estimated running time in the
ready state is moved into the running state first
MBR - Answers-Master Boot Record: Located at the first sector of a hard disk, the MBR
identifies how and where the OS is located so that it can be loaded into main RAM.
JMP Instruction - Answers-assembly equivalent of a goto command
Active partition - Answers-Partition on a hard drive where the OS boots off of, also
called a bootable partition
Boot menu - Answers-When a computer is booting up the bios will allow the user to
access the boot menu if a certain key is pressed (normally F2, F12 or esc.) From the
boot menu the user can select a bootable device to load.
Bootloader - Answers-A program that loads an operating system when a computer is
turned on. The bootsector loads and runs the bootloader from its filesystem. When the
bootloader is finally executed, it loads its configuration/database from files on the same
partition.
OS Kernel - Answers-Communicates with and controls the hardware
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