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NUR 376 Exam 2 latest update 2025 with 100- correct answers(graded A+).
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NUR 376 Exam 2 latest update 2025 with 100- correct answers(graded A+).
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NUR 376 Exam 2 latest update2025 with 100% correct
answers(graded A+)
Ventilation - answer Process of inspiration and expiration through
pulmonary airways.
Perfusion - answer Movement of blood through pulmonary
circulation, providing oxygen to the body
Oxygenation - answer Gas exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen
takes place in the alveoli to oxygenate the blood
Pneumonia - answer Lower respiratory tract infection that causes
inflammation of alveolar sacs, impairing gas exchange
Risk factors for pneumonia - answer - Infection (common cold)
-Weak immune system (infants and elders at risk)
-HIV (immunosuppresents meds)
-Immobile (bedridden, stroke, change in neuro status)
-Lung problems (COPD, smoker)
-Post-opt (abdominal or chest surgery)
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - answer Streptococcus
pneumoniae most common
Acquired outside health care setting
,Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) - answer Classified as HAP if
pneumonia is acquired within 48-72 hrs of admission
Patients on ventilators at risk (VAP)
More severe due to bacteria being more resistant to antibiotics
Signs and Symptoms of pneumonia - answer P- productive
cough/chest pain
N-neuro changes
E- elevated labs (PCO2>45, high WBCs)
U-unusual breath sounds
M-mild to high fever
O-oxygen saturation (<90%)
N-nausea and vomiting
I-increase HR & RR
A-aching all over
Nursing Interventions for Pneumonia - answer Monitor Respiratory
System
-lung sounds improving?
-vital signs (RR & O2 sat)
-color of skin/lips (cyanosis?)
-monitor ABGs
-collect sputum cultures if ordered
-suction if needed
-therapies (bronchodilators)
,Treatments for Pneumonia - answer -Stay up to date on vaccines
-Stop smoking
-Avoid sick people & perform hand washing
-Spirometer
-Meds (antipyretics, antibiotics, antivirals, cough suppressants,
mucolytic agents, bronchodilators)
Antibiotics for Bacterial Forms of Pneumonia
"V-arious M-edications F-requently T-reat P-neumonia C-ases" -
answer Drugs used depend on type of bacteria causing infection
V-vancomycin
M-macrolides
F- Fluroquinolones
T-tetracyclines
P-penicillins
C-cephalosporins
Atelectasis - answer Collapse of alveoli resulting in reduced gas
exchange. Can result from a mass on alveoli or bronchial obstruction
which inhibits full inhalation
Occurs most commonly postoperatively due to sedation. Sedation
causes decreased RR/shallow breathing
To treat, have patients cough and deep breathe to open up alveoli
following surgery
Patho, etiology, and treatment of Acute Rhinitis - answer
Inflammation and irritation of mucous membranes most commonly
, caused by rhinovirus or allergies. Transmitted via airborne droplets.
Nasal discharge can either be clear (allergies) , yellow or green.
Bacterial: High neutrophils
Viral: High lymphocytes
Allergy: High Eosinophils
Secretory IgA and antibodies are involved for resolving illness and
preventing reinfection
Antihistamines, analgesics and antipyretic meds such as
acetaminophen are usually sufficient treatment. A corticosteroid
nasal spray may be used for allergies.
Etiology of Acute Pharyngitis - answer Inflammation of pharynx
(throat). Common sore throat
Most commonly caused by viruses
May be bacterial- GABHS aka Streptococcus pyogenes
Results in strep throat and progression may lead to scarlet fever,
rheumatic fever, or glomerulonephritis
Etiology of Acute Sinusitis - answer Inflammation of sinus cavity.
Sinus cavity becomes obstructed due to accumulated fluid and
edema from inflammatory process. This buildup serves as a perfect
medium for bacterial growth and infection.
Can be caused by allergies, bacteria, viruses & fungi
Causes facial pain and headaches, pressure, nasal obstruction,
discharge, fever, sore throat, dental pain etc.
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