Two main forms of covert operations - ANS Undercover and Surveillance
Undercover operations - ANS Use deception and disguise to obtain evidence
Surveillance operations - ANS Use observation to gather information on suspects
T/F: Photographing or recording videos of ...
Two main forms of covert operations - ANS Undercover and Surveillance
Undercover operations - ANS Use deception and disguise to obtain evidence
Surveillance operations - ANS Use observation to gather information on suspects
T/F: Photographing or recording videos of someone in public is illegal - ANS False, as long
as you don't record their voices, this is legal
Entrapment - ANS When law enforcement or government agents induce a person to
commit a crime they were no previously disposed to commit. Predication is needed for these
inducements to be justified
Predication - ANS (logic) a declaration of something self-evident
T/F: A fraud examiner can offer unqualified confidentiality to a confidential information - ANS
FALSE
Covert Operation - ANS Investigation technique designed to obtain evidence by use of
agents whose true intentions are not communicated to the target
Four items a covert operation memo should clearly state - ANS 1. Information upon which
the covert operation will be based
2. Information expected to be gained
3. Identities of suspects, if known
4. Operatives under the fraud examiner's care, custody, or control
Structured Data - ANS sales records, payment/expense details, financial reports
Unstructured Data - ANS Typically text data
Duplicate Testing - ANS Testing to identify transactions with duplicate values in specified
fields
, Benford's Law - ANS Distinguishes natural and non-natural numbers. Analysis should be
against natural numbers. Natural numbers are typically dollar amounts on transaction details
First phase of data analysis process - ANS Planning phase
Steps in planning phase of data analysis - ANS UDBD
1. understand data
2. define examination objectives
3. build profile of potential frauds
4. determine whether predication exists
Link analysis - ANS Showing visual representations between relationships
Join Function - ANS Join combines data from two fields into a third field
Second phase of data - ANS Preparation phase
Steps in preparation phase of data analysis - ANS IOVC
1. Identify relevant data
2. Obtain requested data
3. Verify data
4. Cleanse and normalize data
Third phase in data analysis - ANS Testing and Interpretation phase
What do you do in the testing and interpretation phase? - ANS Analyze data
Last phase of data analysis - ANS Post-analysis phase
Steps in post-analysis phase - ANS 1. respond to analysis findings
2. Monitor data
What is the goal of Benford's Law analysis? - ANS Identify fictitious numbers
Should machines like copiers and scanners be taken and investigated upon along with the
computer? - ANS Yes
Imaging - ANS Process of copying files from one computer to another hard drive for
investigation
Primary concern of analyzing digital evidence - ANS Maintaining integrity of the data at all
times
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