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Nutrition & Physical Activity Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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Nutrition & Physical Activity Exam 1 Questions and Answers
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Nutrition & Physical Activity Exam 1Questions and Answers
Identify the characteristics of an essential nutrient - Answers -1. if removed from the diet
--> decline in health
2. if omitted substance is added back -->
health may return to normal (provided no
permanent damage)
3. specific biological function
Discuss the leading causes of death in the US. - Answers -Heart disease, cancer,
chronic lower respiratory disease, and stroke
Smoking is leading cause of preventable death followed by obesity
Identify the different types of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals as
well as their food sources and functions or health effects. - Answers -6 classes of
nutrients:
1. carbohydrates
2. lipids (oils and fats)
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water
Three nutrients that provide energy - Answers -carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Carbohydrates - Answers -Function- provides energy, major source of fuel for rbcs and
CNS, you need the energy from carbs at all times
Types- Simple & Complex
Food sources- starchs
Health effects-
Elements- C, H, O
*macronutrient
,Simple Carbohydrates - Answers -Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
Monosaccharide example - Answers -Glucose
Disaccharide example - Answers -Sucrose
Complex Carbohydrates - Answers -Polysaccharides & Dietary Fiber
Polysaccharide - Answers -starch
Dietary Fiber - Answers -provides bulk/decreases serum cholesterol
1g of carbohydrate - Answers -4 kcal
Lipids (fats and oils) - Answers -Function- provides energy
Types & Food Sources - Saturated Fats & Unsaturated Fats
Health effects- raises cholesterol which can lead to heart disease, don't want too much
TG in liver and blood
*most people would benefit from using more plant and vegetable oils in place of solid
fats
Elements- C, H, O
*macronutrient
Saturated Fats - Answers --dairy & meat products
-tend to be solid at room temp
-most SFA increase risk for CVD
Unsaturated Fats - Answers --plant and veggie oils
-tend to be liquid at room temp
-replacing SFA with most unsaturated fats lower's risk for CVD
Triglyceride - Answers -main fat in body + fatty acid
1g of fats & oils - Answers -9 kcal
Protein - Answers -Function- generates small amounts of energy, builds bone, muscle
and immune cell strength, fluid balance, acid-base balance, enzymes, hormones
Food sources- animal products meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products,
*beans, grains, and some vegetables are good plant protein sources
,Health effects- generally not harmful in excess if no family history of heart or kidney
disease, diabetes, colon cancer or kidney stones
Elements- C, H, N, O
*macronutrient
*provides energy
Protein is made up of - Answers -20 amino acids
-9 essential
-11 nonessential
1g of protein - Answers -4 kcal
Vitamins - Answers -Function- needed for every chemical reaction
Food sources- fruits, vegetables
Health effects- if vitamin exceeds needed amount, negative affects could occur
Elements- C, H, O, P, S, etc.
Types- 13 vitamins
*micronutrient
Fat Soluble Vitamins - Answers -A, D, E, K
-more likely to accumulate (toxicity)
Water Soluble Vitamins - Answers -8B & C
-easily destroyed while cooking
-stir-frying and seaming to preserve
Minerals - Answers -Function- strengthen bones, transmission of nerve messages,
regulation of fluid
Two types- Major & Trace Minerals
Food sources-
Major Minerals- found in dairy products and fruits
Trace Minerals- found in meats, poultry, fish, nuts
Health effects- can easily be lost if they dissolve in water used for cooking and that
water os then discarded
*micronutrient
, *inorganic
Electrolytes - Answers --function based off their electrical charge when dissolved in
water
-sodium, potassium and chloride
Major Minerals - Answers ->100 mg daily need
Trace Minerals - Answers -<100mg mg daily need
Water - Answers -BODY = 50-70% WATER
Function- acts as a solvent and lubricant, as a vehicle for transporting nutrients and
waste and as a medium for temperature regulation and chemical processes
Food sources- major component in some foods (ex: lettuce, grapes and melons)
Health effects- dehydration
Elements- H, O
*micronutrient
men need 13 cups of water daily
women need 9 cups of water daily
Define a calorie - Answers -amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of
water by 1 degree Celsius
Calculate % calories from fat, carbohydrate, protein, & alcohol - Answers -60g fat x 9 =
540kcal
290g carbohydrate x 4 = 1,160kcal
70g protein x 4 =280kcal
___g alcohol x 7 = ___kcal
540 + 1,160 + 280 = 1,980 kcal
540 kcal / 1,980kcal = 58.6% fat
1,160 kcal / 1,980kcal = 27.3% carbohydrate
70 kcal / 1,980kcal = 14.1% protein
% daily energy from CHO, fat, and protein - Answers -58.6 % CHO
27.3% fat
14.1% protein
1g of Alcohol - Answers -7 kcal
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