Non-coding DNA sequences in eukaryotes Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100%
5 views 0 purchase
Course
Non-coding DNA sequences in eukaryotes
Institution
Non-coding DNA Sequences In Eukaryotes
Non-coding DNA sequences in eukaryotes Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100%
Telomere - Answers non-coding repetitive DNA sequence found at the ends of linear DNA molecules of eukaryotic chromosomes
Functions of telomeres - Answers serves as a disposable buffer to protect coding DNA ...
Non-coding DNA sequences in eukaryotes Exam Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100%
Telomere - Answers non-coding repetitive DNA sequence found at the ends of linear DNA molecules of
eukaryotic chromosomes
Functions of telomeres - Answers serves as a disposable buffer to protect coding DNA from gene erosion
during DNA replication as DNA shortens with each round of replication
nucleoprotein cap - Answers Proteins bind to telomeric DNA to form a protective nucleoprotein cap
which
- protects end of chromosome from degradation by nucleases
- prevents end-joining of chromosome ends which may lead to chromosomal mutations
- prevents unintentional cell death
prevents unintentional cell death - Answers telomeric DNA and specific proteins associated with it
somehow prevented the staggered ends of the daughter molecule from activating the cell's systems for
monitoring DNA damage.
The ends of a DNA molecule "seen" as a double-stranded break may otherwise trigger signal
transduction pathways leading to cell cycle arrest or cell death
Centromere - Answers non-coding DNA sequence found at the constricted region of metaphase
chromosome where two sister chromatids are held together
Functions of centromere - Answers involved in chromatin adhesion
is the region where protein complex known as kinetochore are formed and adhered to
involved in chromatid alignment and separation as kinetochore anchor the kinetochore microtubules of
the mitotic spindle so that when the kinetochore microtubules shorten, they pull the chromatids away
from each other to opposite poles of the cell
Transcriptional unit - Answers - a eukaryotic gene (consists of introns and exons)
- the DNA regulatory sequences (referred to as control elements) that have binding sites for proteins
called transcription factors that regulate gene expression
, control elements - Answers DNA sequences that interact with regulatory proteins to determine the rate
and timing of gene expression
Need for control elements - Answers differential gene expression is due to the regulation of gene
transcription. control elements and the proteins binding to them are critical to the precise regulation of
gene expression seen in different cell types
Promoter - Answers non-coding DNA sequence where general transcription factors and RNA polymerase
assemble to form the transcription initiation complex, resulting in the initiation of a basal rate of
transcription of RNA transcripts
also known as basal promoter
Structure of promoter - Answers - non-coding DNA sequence
- contains sequence known as TATA box
- has seven base consensus sequence 5'-TATAAAA-3' (eukaryotes only)
Location of promoter - Answers prokaryotes: promoter is located about 10 bp upstream from the
transcription initiation site
eukaryotes: promoter located about 25 - 30 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site
within a promoter, there may be recognition sites for more than one transcription factor
Function of promoter - Answers attachment site for general transcription factors and RNA polymerase
resulting in assembly of transcription initiation complex for the initiation of a basal rate of transcription
of RNA transcripts
Enhancer - Answers Non-coding DNA sequence which can increase rate of transcription of a gene when
specific transcription factors known as activators bind to it
while promoter sequences are essential for basal rate of transcription, enhancers are necessary for the
full level of transcription
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TutorJosh. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
