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2024 NR 547 PMHNP FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 547 PMHNP FINAL STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 547 PMHNP FINAL STUDYGUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression - CORRECT-
ANSWERSUnipolar major depression (major depressive disorder) is
characterized by a history of one or more major depressive episodes (table
3) and no history of mania (table 1) or hypomania
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - CORRECT-ANSWERSScoring Instructions.
Score 1 point for each bolded answer. A score of 5 or more suggests
depression.
Self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression
Medicaid's child health component, the Early and Periodic Screening,
Diagnosis and Treatment program - CORRECT-ANSWERSscreening to detect
physical and mental conditions at various age intervals. If a risk is identified,
the provider should follow up with diagnosis and treatment.
Cause of Depression - CORRECT-ANSWERSThough the exact cause is
unknown, depression is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
Stressful life events, such as giving birth or experiencing emotional trauma,
can contribute to the development of depression.
Neurotransmitters involved in Depression - CORRECT-ANSWERSAn imbalance
of specific neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and
norepinephrine, can influence brain activity and result in depression.
lower levels of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine and receptor
binding
Depressed patients often have decreased neurotransmitter activity in the
prefrontal cortex (PFC) region of the brain. The prefrontal cortex controls
attention, mood, and personality, among other functions.
Symptoms of depression - CORRECT-ANSWERSDepressed mood and a loss of
interest or pleasure.
, Physical symptoms, including fatigue, inattention, poor appetite, decreased
libido, psychomotor retardation, or agitation. Clients with depression often
report difficulty sleeping, lack of motivation, or trouble completing tasks.
They may use words like "sad," "down," or "blue" to describe their feelings.
In severe cases, depressed clients may report delusions or hallucinations.
Depression may even present as catatonia.
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) Limitations - CORRECT-
ANSWERSAtypical symptoms of depression (e.g., hypersomnia, hyperphagia)
are not assessed
HDRS Scoring - CORRECT-ANSWERS0-7 is generally accepted to be within the
normal range (or in clinical remission), while a score of 20 or higher
(indicating at least moderate severity) is usually required for entry into a
clinical trial
Immuno-Psychiatry - CORRECT-ANSWERSMacrophages are the centurions of
the immune system.
Macrophages warn the immune system of a potential threat by secreting
cytokines alerting more macrophages to come to the injured site.
These macrophages "eat" the infection and output bacterial fragments and
digestive remnants into the surrounding tissues, leading to inflammation.
How does your diet affect your mood? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCytokines
(inflammatory proteins in the blood) can send signals across the blood-brain
barrier.
Nerve cells exposed to cytokines are more likely to die than regenerate.
In rat studies, rats injected with cytokines exhibited social withdrawal, less
movement, and altered sleeping and eating patterns.
Inflamed nerve cells cannot effectively transmit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)
or serotonin receptors.
Persons with inflammatory conditions are significantly more depressed than
the general population.
Eating foods known to cause inflammation (carbs) will more likely to exhibit
depressive symptoms due to imflammation.
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