What is the MOA for ciprofloxacin? Correct Answer-inhibits DNA gyrase (inhibits DNA replication)
When presented with a challenge (stress) cells will.... Correct Answer-Adapt, have injury, or die
What is cellular adaptation? Correct Answer-responses to increases or decreases in functional dema...
N398 - Exam 1 Study Set questions with correct
answers
What is the MOA for ciprofloxacin? Correct Answer-inhibits DNA
gyrase (inhibits DNA replication)
When presented with a challenge (stress) cells will.... Correct Answer-
Adapt, have injury, or die
What is cellular adaptation? Correct Answer-responses to increases or
decreases in functional demand and responses to persistent injury
What are 5 types of cellular adaptation? Correct Answer-Atrophy,
Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia
What is Atrophy? Correct Answer-decrease in cell size and potential
reduction in their differentiated function
What is Hypertrophy? Correct Answer-increase in mass accompanied by
augmented functional capacity
What is Hyperplasia? Correct Answer-increase in number of cells by
mitotic division
What are examples of atrophy? Correct Answer-immobilization,
nutritional injury
,what are examples of hypertrophy? Correct Answer-cardiac
hypertrophy, skeletal use
what are examples of hyperplasia? Correct Answer-physiologic demand,
hormonal stimulation, estrogen causes increase in uterine wall, changes
related to altitude (hematocrit)
What is Metaplasia? Correct Answer-Replacement of one differentiated
cell type with another - can better tolerate stress when it is happening
What is dysplasia? Correct Answer-Abnormal changes in appearance of
cells because of abnormal variations in size, shape, and arrangement -
persistent injury, persistent inflammation - transforms into cancer
What are examples of metaplasia? Correct Answer-HPV, smoking
What are the types of cellular injury? Correct Answer-Sublethal
(reversible) and lethal (irreversible)
What is hypoxia? Correct Answer-Lack of oxygen
What is Ischemia? Correct Answer-interruption of blood flow
What is the most common cause of cellular injury? Correct Answer-
Hypoxia
,What is the most common cause of hypoxia? Correct Answer-Ischemia
What is the Mechanism of hypoxia? Correct Answer-ATP Production in
cell to stall - ATP dependent pumps fail - NA accumulates and brings
water inside cell - Excess Calcium in the mitochondria interferes -
glycogen stores are depleted - lactate is produced - pH fails (cellular
components more dysfunctional)
What is a reperfusion injury? Correct Answer-injury caused when there
is a return of blood flow after ischemia
What are the 3 components of a reperfusion injury? Correct Answer-1.
Calcium overload - issues with ATP - high concentrations are allowed to
cross cellular membranes
2. Oxidative Stress - reactive oxygen molecules and free radicals without
electron - steals electron from somewhere else
3. Inflammation & Complement activation - collateral damage - disrupt
other cells, cause organ damage
all 3 components happen at the same time
What are examples of nutritional cellular injuries? Correct Answer-
Deficiencies - malnutrition, malabsorption, chronic alcoholism
Excess - obesity, diabetes
, What are examples of chemical cellular injuries? Correct Answer-Heavy
metals
Environmental toxins
alcohol and substance use
What are examples of physical and mechanical injury? Correct Answer-
Temperature extremes - frost bite, burns
Abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure
abrasion - trauma - surgery
electrical
Radiation
Firearms
What are manifestation of cellular injury (Intracellular Accumulations)?
Correct Answer-1. Excessive amounts of normal cellular substances ex:
elevated blood glucose
2. Accumulation of abnormal substances produced by cell because of
issues ex: hyperbilirubin anemia, gout, gallstones
What are manifestations of hydropic cell injury? Correct Answer-
Accumulation of water
First manifestation of most forms of reversible cell injury
What does hydropic cell injury result from? Correct Answer-a
malfunction of Na-K pumps
- NA ions in cell- water follows
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller cracker. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
