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CSUSM NURS 316 Exam Questions And Correct Answers
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CSUSM NURS 316 Exam Questions And Correct AnswersName isotonic solutions - ANSWER .9 NS, D5W, Lactated Ringer's (LR), Ringer's
Solution
Name Hypotonic Solutions - ANSWER 0.45% NaCl(1/2NS), 0.33% NaCl, 0.225 NaCl, 2.5%
Dextrose in water
Name hypertonic solutions - ANSWER 3% NaCl, Mannitol, D10W, D20W, D50W
What is an isotonic solution? - ANSWER same tonicity as blood, it does not cause a shift
in fluids. Often used as bloodstream volume expander.
What is a hypotonic solution? - ANSWER This has fewer particles and more water than
blood and body fluids. Causing a shift from ECF to ICF to deliver water to the body as a
dehydration treatment.
What is a hypertonic solution? - ANSWER A solution containing more particles and less
water than blood and body fluids. Fluids shift from ICF to ECF causing the body cell to
shrink.
What is a major ion in ECF? - ANS Sodium
It's a major determinant of ECF osmolarity and helps in the maintenance of fluid balance
and osmotic pressure.
What is a major ion in the ICF? - ANS Potassium
It helps in the maintenance of neuromuscular excitability and acid base balance.
What is the normal sodium range? - ANS 135-145 mEq/L
,What are the causes of Hyponatremia? - ANS A: adrenal insufficiency
I: intoxication
D: diuretics
S: SIADH
*also diabetes, diarrhea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fistulas, burns
What are S/S of Hyponatremia? - ANSWER S: stupor/coma
A: anorexia (N/V)
L: Lethargy
T: Tachycardia, tendon reflexes decreased
L: Limp muscles
O:orthostatic hypotension
S: Seizures/HA
S: Stomach cramping, shallow and ineffective breathing
What are nursing interventions for Hyponatremia? - ANSWER D: diet, increase salty
foods, such as, soy sauce, bacon, cheese
R: Restrict fluids
A: Administer IV hypertonic solution
W: Daily weight
I: Measure I/O (strict?)
T: Thiazide diuretics
*Monitor cardio, respiratory, neuromuscular, GI, and renal status
, *If client takes lithium, monitor Li level because hyponatremia can diminsh Li excretion
resulting in toxicity
What are causes of Hypernatremia? - ANSWER D: deprivation (fluid)
I: IV hypertonic solution excess
V:Vitamin
A: Increase in Sodium intake
M:Medications, meals with high sodium
O: Osmotic diuretics
D:Diabetes insipidus
E: Elevated water loss
L: lower water loss
*kidney disease, corticosteroids, cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism
What are S/S of hypernatremia? - ANSWER F: fever (low grade), flushed skin
R:restless (irritable)
I: increase fluid restriction and elevated BP
E: Edema (peripheral and pitting)
D: decrease urinary output, dry mouth
E: muscle twitching and irregular muscle contractions
L: skeletal muscles weakness, decrease or absent DTR
*extreme thirst
What are nursing interventions for hypernatremia? - ANSWER M: monitor sodium intake
and labs
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