Exam (elaborations)
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 - Cala Review Questions and Answers Solved
- Course
- Bio 114
- Institution
- Arizona State University
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 - Cala Review Questions and Answers Solved
[Show more]
Content preview
ASU BIO 182 EXAM 2 - Cala- Dominant Allele
✅✅-What is Autosomal
- Males and females likely to inherit trait.
- "Dominant"- having at least one allele is all it takes -
Dominant Inheritance?
- Recessive Allele
- Males and Females equally affected
✅✅-What is Autosomal
- Needs both alleles to be recessive to have trait
- Having only one makes person a "carrier," no expression -
Recessive Inheritance?
- Mutations, change the genomic sequences
✅✅
- Mutation can, have no effect, create a different product, prevent gene from functioning
- Not all mutations are "bad" - -How do bad alleles happen?
✅✅
Mutations not transferred to next generation
Example: Cancer - -What are Somatic Mutations?
✅✅
If mutations occur in cells that become gametes (in Meiosis), mutations can be passed
to next generation - -When can mutations affect descending generations?
Radiation, Viruses, Chemicals, or errors during Meiosis or DNA replication - ✅✅-What
can cause mutations?
Phenotype dominant X Recessive - ✅✅-Homozygous parentals with different traits
Crossed F1 X F1 - ✅✅-What is a Monohybrid Cross?
Crossed F1 back to recessive parental - ✅✅-What is Backcross?
Used when more than two traits
0 = 0% & Event will not happen
1 = 100% & Event will happen
The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes of an event must be 1
✅✅-What is Probability?
"and" --->Multiply
"or"----> Add -
- Probability that it's smooth = 3/4
- Probability that it's green = 1/4
✅✅
- Probability that it's smooth and green =
3/ 4 x 1/4 = 3/16 - -Genetic Example 1:
Mendel crossed two heterozygous smooth-, yellow-seeded F1 plants. What's the
probability that the offspring was smooth-, green-seeded?
,3/4 x 3/4 x 1/4 x 1/4 = 9/256 -✅✅ -Genetic Example 2:
What's the probability of obtaining a wrinkled-, green- seeded, tall, purple-flowered
offspring from a self-cross of heterozygous round-seeded, yellow-seeded, tall, purple-
flowered F1 pea plants?
- ✅✅-Genetic Example 3:
-0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25 - ✅✅-Probability Example 1:
Joe and Amy plan to have two children. Whats the probability that the first is a boy and
the second is a girl?
- 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 = (0.5)5 = 0.03125 -✅✅ -Probability Example 2:
What's the probability of having a family with all girl children, assuming the family has 5
children?
Two alleles both affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways
I^A: Dominant
I^B: Dominant
✅✅
I^A and I^B: C0-Dominant
i: recessive - -What is Co-Dominance?
Type A glycoprotein on blood cell ONLY - ✅✅-How do blood types work?
Type A
Type B glycoprotein on blood cell ONLY - ✅✅-How do blood types work?
Type B
No recognizable glycoprotein from this group on blood cell - ✅✅-How do blood types
work?
O
Both A and B glycoproteins - ✅✅-How do blood types work?
AB
- Are proteins
✅✅
- If you don't normally have it and you get blood with it, your body's own antibodies will
attack it as foreign - -What are Glycoproteins?
Additional blood system describing many antigens on the blood cells
Rh positive (Rh+):
Blood cells have D antigen
✅✅-Rh +/-
Rh negative (Rh-):
Blood cells do not have D antigen -
Mendel (1865): OG
, - According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, alleles for different
characterisics always assort independently (H0)
- Morgan looked at two traits:
Body color (gray dominant) and wing shape (large wings dominant)
✅✅
- Morgan also discovered that even if genes are linked, they are not always inherited
together - -Linkage
Rare- genes at different loci on the same chromosome do sometimes separate
-Genes may recombine during prophase 1 of Meiosis by crossing over.
✅✅
-Chromosomes exchange corresponding segments. The exchange involves two
chromatids ir the tetrad; both chromatids become recombinant - -Genetic
Recombination: Absolute Linkage
Same gene, just slightly different alleles
Produces pheomelanin more than euomelanin - ✅✅-Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)
gene
Recombinant offspring phenotypes (non-parental) appear in recombinant frequencies:
Divide # of recombinant offspring by total # of offspring
- Frequencies are greater for loci that are further apart
✅✅
- Frequencies can be used in calculating genetic distance and gene maps -
-Genetic Recombination
✅✅-Sex
- Genes on sex chromosomes don't follow Mendelian patterns
- Y chromosome carries few genes; the X chromosome carries many -
Linkage
Males only have one copy of these genes - ✅✅-Hemizygous
Character is controlled by loci on the sex chromosome
Ex: Eye color in Drosophila - ✅✅-Sex-linked inheritance
- Appear more often in males
- Daughters who are heterozygous are carriers
- Mutant phenotype can skip a generation if it passes from a male to his daughter
- Requires two alleles to affect the female phenotype
✅✅
-When said to express dominant inheritance, it means that a single dose of the allele
will affect the phenotype of the female - -X-linked recessive phenotypes
- male w/ single recessive allele (X^aY) will be colorblind
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AnswersCOM. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78252 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now