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GI/GU Chapter 52 IGGY GI ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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GI/GU Chapter 52 IGGY GI ASSESSMENTQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the function of the GI system? - ANSWER Digestion, absorption
and elimination
Mouth - ANSWER Breaks up the food by mastication. . Saliva is
secreted in response to the presence of food. Saliva contains mucin and
an enzyme called salivary amylase also called ptyalin which begins to
break down carbs
Salivary glands - ANSWER moistens and lubricates food. Saliva
contains mucin and an enzyme called salivary amylase also called
ptyalin which begins to break down carbs
Esophagus - ANSWER transports food
Liver - ANSWER breaks down and builds up many biological molecules.
Stores vitamins and iron. Destroys old blood cells. Destroys poisons.
Bile aids in digestion.
Stomach - ANSWER stores and chums food, parietal cells: HCL and
intrinsic factor ;key to absorption of B12 and prevention of pernicious
anemia
Pepsin - ANSWER Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
gall bladder - ANSWER stores and concentrates bile
small intestine - ANSWER - duodenum, jejunum, ileum
mucus protects gut wall, absorbs nutrients and most water
- peptidase digest protein
- sucrase digest sugar
-amylase digest polysaccharide
Pancreas - ANSWER Regulates the level of sugar in the blood
-bicarbonate neutralizes stomach acid
- trypsin and chymotrypsin digest proteins
, -amylase digest polysaccharide
- lipase digest lipids
Large intestine - ANSWER reabsorbs some water and ions, forms and
stores feces
Rectum - ANSWER stores and expels feces
Anus - ANSWER opening for elimination of feces
Pharynx - ANSWER swallows
Assessment of the GI System Noticing and Interpreting - ANSWER
Change in appetite, weight, stool, pain (PQRST) recommended, age,
gender, culture, GI disorders or abdominal surgeries, medications, hers,
supplements, smoking history, travel, nutrition, health problems, alcohol
and caffeine intake, socioeconomic status, family history, genetic risk
Physical Assessment of Abdomen - ANSWER The sequence for
abdominal assessment proceeds from inspection, auscultation,
palpation.
Inspection: observe contour, any masses, scars, or distention
Auscultation: listen for bowel sounds in all quadrants
Note frequency and character, audible clicks, and flatus.
Describe bowel sounds as hypoactive, hyperactive, absent or infrequent.
Palpation: ◦Do not palpate if appendicitis or abdominal aneurysm is
suspected.
Percussion performed by advanced practice professionals
Listen in clockwise formation start in RUQ some may say RLQ follow
large bowel.
Questions to remember when assessing the GI system - ANSWER -
N.V.D. pain, look listen percuss then feel, last bm, characteristics of bm:
color, smell, consistency amount abdominal aneurism is suspect if you
hear a bruit in the abdominal cavity. Call the doctor to let them know
what you found. This can be a life threatening situation,
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