PHIL 235 Exam Study Guide.
Define ethics - answerstudy of right and wrong in terms of human action
3 branches of ethical theory - answermeta-ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics
define meta-ethics - answerquestioning the nature of ethics itself- what do right and wrong
actually mean
define...
reasons to be skeptical of ethical relativism - answer✔fails to allow for any moral judgements
between different cultures, moral progress, customs vs underlying values
Define Hippocratic oath - answer✔guideline for decision making for HCP, not whole followed,
states above all do no harm
Kluge's 4 principles of biomedical ethics - answer✔Autonomy, Nonmaleficence, Beneficence,
Equality/Justice
define Paternalism - answer✔doctor knows best and is in control
Beauchamp and Childress definition of Paternalism - answer✔doctors overriding patients
personal preferences for their perceived goal of benefiting patient
5 things/situations justifying hard paternalism - answer✔- patient is at risk of PREVENTABLE
harm
- paternalistic action will prevent harm
- benefits of paternalistic actions outweigh its risk to the patient
- no reasonable alternative to limitation of autonomy
- least autonomy restricting alternative securing benefits is adopted
morally relevant aspects (4) of HCP/patient relationship - answer✔- medical care service
monopoly
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