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AVS 3311 CHAPTER 4 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AVS 3311 CHAPTER 4 TEST QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Digestion - ANSWER Why is analysis of digestive behaviors important in
animal production?
- Nutritional requirements of animals are greatly dependent on their type
of digestive system.
1. simple non ruminants
2. Ruminant
3. Non-ruminant herbivores
- Digestive physiology is closely related to food selection, dietary
strategies and the ability of the animal to derive nutritional benefit from a
type of feedstuff.
- Sheep & goats eat tansy ragwort - cattle and horses cannot detoxify
the alkaloids in the liver
Feeding strategies
- Carnivores (meat eaters), omnivores (plant and animal), herbivores
(plant eaters)
Affects and influences nutrient metabolism and requirements
Affect role of microbes in digestion
- Feeding behaviors and gut structure have co-evolved.
Attracted to feedstuffs capable of digesting or detoxifying
- Vultures and botulism; Carrion eaters
- Lions: exclusive meat diet with different protein and AA metabolism
2 Types of "Feeders"
- Opportunistic feeders: Generally omnivores
EXAMPLE: Dogs, swine, humans Eat almost anything "edible"
- Specialists feeders: Co-evolved with particular plant species.
EXAMPLE: Koala and eucalyptus, panda and bamboo
- Digestion of fiber impossible without microbial fermentation
- Microbial digestion less efficient because increases number of
organisms in food chain
, Ruminants
- Compartmentalized digestive tract
- Pre-gastric fermentation - rumen
- Primarily bacterial/protozoan digestion
- Sheep, goats, cattle
Non-ruminant herbivores
- Post-gastric fermentation - cecum or colon
- Primarily bacterial/protozoan digestion
- Horses, donkeys, rabbits
Simple Non-ruminants - monogastrics
- Simple digestive tract
- Primarily enzymatic digestion
- Humans, swine, poultry, dogs, cats
Ruminants
{Order :Artiodactyla} - ANSWER - Even-toed, hooved animals
- Cattle, goats, sheep, bison, deer,
Herd animals - large numbers (86 living genera of the order)
- Complex, compartmentalized stomach system (4 parts)
Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum
- Mouth, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum abomasum (true
stomach), small intestine, cecum, colon, rectum, anus
Microbial Fermentation to break down fiber
Fiber = cellulose
Can utilize poor quality feeds
Ruminate - "chew cud"
- Regurgitation of bacterially digested materials to increase surface area
for digestion
Rumen
-anaerobic microbial fermentation
Microbes produce cellulase to
-break down cellulose
Synthesize amino acids and water-soluble vitamins
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