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NUR 254 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 3 | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 254 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 3 | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 254 TEST 31. Hypothalamus
Answer
brain region controlling the pituitary gland. Secrets CRH,
GN-RH, GHRH, SOMATSTATIN GHIH, PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE, AND TRH
2. pituitary gland
Answer
The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the in- fluence of the hypothalamus, the
pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
3. adrenal cortex
Answer
outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes (gluticocorticoids) cortisol, (mineralcortocoids)
aldosterone, and sex hormones
4. adrenal medulla
Answer
secretes (catecholamines) epinephrine and norepinephrine
5. Anterior pituitary gland
Answer
Secretes tropic hormones such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), ACTH, growth hormone
(somatotropic hormone), and the gonadotropins, prolactin, melanocyte stimulating hormone
6. Posterior pituitary gland
Answer
(Vasopressin)ADH and oxytocin
7. parathyroid glands
,Answer
small pea-like organs that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate calcium and
phosphate balance in blood, bones, and other tissues
8. Posterior pituitary disorders
Answer
diabetes insipidus SIADH
9. Posterior pituitary disorders
Answer
Hormone
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) Target
Distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys
Action
Increases water reabsorption
10. diabetes insipidus
Answer
Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) from posterior pituitary
Secondary to
Brain tumors Neuorsurgery Head trauma
11. Clinical Manifestations Of Diabetes Insipidus
Answer
,Polyuria - Enormous output of "water-like urine" w/ urine specific gravity < 1.005 (normally
1.010-1.030).
nocturia. Polydipsia - Intense thirst
Hemoconcentration - Elevated serum sodium (>145 mEq/L) and hematocrit (>50%) Volume
deficit - hypotension, tachycardia, tenting turgor, fatigue, prolonged capillary refill
12. Diagnostics of diabetes insipidus?
Answer
Urine-Decreased urine osmolality (<200 mOsm/kg) and urine specific gravity <1.005
Serum -Hypernatremia (Na >145 mEq/L) Hematocrit increased (Hct >50%) Osmolality
increased (>300 mOsm/kg)
Water (fluid) deprivation test-All water withheld Measure urine osmolality and body weight
hourly
Normally urine osmolality increases to 2 to 4 times the serum. With DI the urine osmolality
doesn't increase and the serum osmolality continues to increase
CT or MRI to assess for cause (if not apparent)
13. Management of Diabetes Insipidus
Answer
Replace Fluids
Answer
P.O. water
Hypotonic IV fluids if unable to take p.o. (D5W)
Monitor for hyperglycemia, volume overload and slowly decreasing the serum sodi- um
Replace ADH
Desmopressin (DDAVP) or Vasopressin (Pitressin) - synthetic ADH (SQ, IN, or oral). Monitor
U/O, serum electrolytes, fluid status (skin turgor, cap refill, daily weight)
, 14. Complications of diabetes insipidus
Answer
Dehydration/hypovolemia/circulatory collapse
Hypernatremia w/CNS dysfunction (seizures, confusion, coma, etc.)
15. Nursing Diagnosis Diabetes Insipidus
Answer
FVD, Risk for ineff therap regimen
16. Nursing Interventions Diabetes Insipidus
Answer
Assess
VS, weight, I&O, Visual acuity, Serum Na/osmolality/Urine specific gravity
Do
Administer DDAVP, IVFs, p.o. fluids, mouth care
Teach
Daily weights, Manifestations, FVE, Medications
17. The functioning of the endocrine system works on what type of system?
Negative feedback system Positive feedback system
Alternating negative and positive feedback system Closed loop system
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