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NURSING PHARMACOLOGY DIABETES MEDICATIONS. THE LATEST EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100%

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NURSING PHARMACOLOGY DIABETES MEDICATIONS. THE LATEST EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100%

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  • October 20, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Nursing pharmacology
  • Nursing pharmacology
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NURSING PHARMACOLOGY DIABETES MEDICATIONS. THE LATEST

EXAM REVISION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (ALREADY

GRADED A+) (2024 UPDATE) 100%

What is the prototype biguanide: anti-diabetic oral agent? - ANSWER- metformin

(Glucophage) > > Biguanide metformin decreases the production and increases the uptake of

glucose -- decrease the production of glucose in the liver. It is effective in lowering blood glucose

and does not cause hypoglycemia as the sulfonylureas do. It has been associated with development

of lactic acidosis and GI distress.


Meglitinides: anti-diabetic oral agents: - ANSWER- ** Meglitinides: nateglinide, and

repaglinide are newer agents that act like sulfonylureas to increase insulin release.

Stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells glinides meglitinides - ANSWER-

* nateglinide (Starlix) repaglinide (Prandin) glinides


alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: anti-diabetic oral agents: - ANSWER- A class of diabetes drugs

sometimes called "starch blockers" that blocks the action of enzymes that normally begin to break

down certain carbohydrates in the upper part of the small intestine.


alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - ANSWER- arcobose (Precose) miglitol (Glyset)


No garlic or ginseng b/c they will increase action slow digestion of starches


thiazolidinediones: anti-diabetic oral agents: - ANSWER- Thiazolidinediones: pioglitazone

and rosiglitazone decrease insulin resistance -- increase the sensitivity of fat and muscle cells to

insulin.

, thiazolidinediones - ANSWER- ** pioglizone (Actos) rosiglitazone (Avandia) zones


Decreases Hgb A1C to less than 6.5

S/E: headache, myalgia, Upper RTI, sinusitis


incretins: anti-diabetic oral agents: - ANSWER- Incretin mimetics exenatide and liraglutide

mimic the effects of GLP-1: enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion by the beta cells

in the pancreas, depression of elevated glucagon secretion, and slowed gastric emptying to help

moderate and lower blood glucose levels.


incretins - incretin mimetics - ANSWER- ** exenatide (Byetta)


Given Sub-Q 60 minutes prior to meals

S/E: dizziness, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoglycemia


DPP-4 Inhibitors - incretin mimetics - ANSWER- Januvia (sitagliptin)


Slows the inactivation of incretin hormone

Given PO without regards to meals


Amylin analogs - ANSWER- Symlin (pramlintide)


Give sub-q with a U-100 insulin syringe


Combination Diabetic medications - ANSWER- Used to maximize the therapeutic effects and

minimize adverse effects

Convenient to take instead of 2 separate pills

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