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NUR 213 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) SHOCK | NEW FULL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 213 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) SHOCK | NEW FULL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 213 Shock1. What is shock?
Answer
Inadequate perfusion to meet the oxygenation and metabolic demands of the body.
2. what is hemodynamics?
Answer
the study of blood moving through the circulatory system.
3. Non invasive hemodynamic monitoring is?
Answer
Blood Pressure 120/80. Capillary refill within 2 seconds.
Pulse rate and Quality 60-100. Urine output 30 ml/hr Mentation-A&O neuro status.
Skin temperature/ Color warm, normal color for ethnicity.
4. What happens to capp refill when our blood flow is decreased?
Answer
It will be more than 2 seconds.
5. Calculation for MAP?
Answer
2 x diastolic, + systolic, then divide by 3.
6. what MAP needed to profuse coronary arteries, brain, kidneys.
Answer
60.
7. What is the normal range of MAP?
Answer
70-110
8. What does it mean if the MAP is higher than 110?
Answer
They are hypertensive.
9. define cardiac output [CO].
Answer
the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle in 1 minute
10. Cardica output calculation is?
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,What is the normal range?
Answer
HR x SV
-Normal range
Answer
4-8 L/min
11. Define cardiac index [CI].
Answer
cardiac output adjusted for the patient's body sur- face area.
-More specific to individuals
-need CO to get CI.
12. Define stroke Volume.
What is the normal range?
Answer
Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat.
60-100 mL/beat.
13. What is the calculation for CI?
What is the normal range?
Answer
-CO/ BSA [body surface area}.
-Normal range
Answer
2.5-4 L/min/m2
14. image of prelaod and afterload.
Answer
15. Define preload [volume].
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, Answer
the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole or right before systole-how much is in
my ventricle before it ejects
16. within preload, there are 2 ways to measure pressure, what are they and what do they
measure?
Answer
CVP [central venous pressure] aka right atrial pressure [RAP]-measure right side-venous return
comes to the right side of the heart.
PAWP [pulmonary artery wedge pressure] AKA pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP], or
left ventricle end diastolic pressure [LVEDP] -measure left side
With these, we use a pulmonary artery catheter, aka swan ganz catheter.
17. What 3 parts make up stroke volume?
Answer
Preload [volume]. Afterload [resistence].
Contractility [squeeze of the heart].
18. What is central venous pressure monitoring?
What is normal range of preload?
Answer
Central line normally through internal jugular or femoral vein, sits right outside the right atrium
and measures preload.
2-6 mmHg
19. What abnormalities cause an increase in preload?
Answer
Hypervolemia. regurgitation of cardiac valves.
heart failure.
20. How can we manipulate preload [volume]?
Answer
Fluids will increase preload aka increases volume.
Diuretics will decrease preload aka decreasing volume.
21. what is afterload [resistence]?
Answer
Afterload is the pressure or resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood [systole].
22. Afterload of the LEFT ventricle is measured as?
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