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NUR 176 EXAM 2|373 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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NUR 176 EXAM 2|373 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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NUR 176 EXAM 2|373 QUESTIONS & ANSWERSAnemia - -A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
-Clotting: Nutritional intervention: - -Consider the Vitamin K in food
-Clinical clot interventions: Positioning - --Elevating the extremity for venous
thrombosis
-Low position for arterial thrombosis
-Clinical clot intervention: Control of bleeding intervention - --Direct
pressure on the site (if possible)
-Ice application
-Topical agents (Gelfoam, fibrin, foam)
-Blood volume replacements
-Critical care management if hemorrhage leads to shocks
-Pharmacological agents
-A condition in which there are not enough RBCs resulting in a low
hemoglobin & hematocrit: - -Anemia
-How does anemia affect perfusion? - --Decreased nutrients to cells, which
will decrease in energy and cell function
-If there isn't enough hemoglobin delivered, what is the effect on the
perfusion? - -Hemoglobin is a red protein that is responsible for transporting
oxygen into the blood, if there isn't enough hemoglobin then there isn't
going to be enough oxygen
-If there isn't enough hemoglobin delivered, what effect does that have on
perfusion? - -A decrease in the number of RBCs transporting oxygen and
carbon dioxide
-If there isn't enough hemoglobin delivered, what does that effect on gas
exchange? - -A decrease in number of RBCs transporting oxygen and carbon
dioxide impairs the body's ability for gas exchange
-Pathophysiology of pernicious anemia - -Decrease in RBC when the body
cant absorb enough vitamin B12
-Clinical manifestations and assessment data you will collect for pernicious
anemia? - --CBC
-B12 deficiency test
-intrinsic factor antibody test
,-Nursing intervention for pernicious anemia - --b12 injection
-Pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia - -complex genetic blood disorder
that affects the structure and function of hemoglobin
-Clinical manifestations and assessment data you will collect for sick cell
anemia - --Blood test for sickle cell anemia
-This is part of new born screening
-Nursing intervention for sickle cell anemia - --medications
-blood transfusion
-A stem cell transplant
-Pathophysiology of iron deficiency anemia - --blood loss
-lack of iron in the body
-pregnancy
-an inability to absorb
-Clinical manifestations and assessment data you will collect for iron
deficiency anemia - --fatigue
-brittle nails
-pallor
-sob (shortness of breath)
-Nursing Interventions for iron deficiency anemia - --pain reliever
-monitor hemoglobin
-provide supplemental oxygen therapy as needed
-Cyanocobalamin - -Vitamin B12
-Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) uses - --vit B deficiency
-pernicious anemia
-vit b syndrome
-anemia hemorrhage (loss of red blood cells exceeds production of new red
blood cells)
-thyrotoxicosis (too much thyroid hormone)
-Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) side effects - -Diarrhea
-Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) adverse side effects - -Heart failure
Pulmonary edema (abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs)
Anaphylactic shock (severe allergic reaction)
-Nursing implications for Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) - -Assess:
vit B12 deficiency
,GI function
Nutritional status
Pulmonary edema worsening in HR/cardiac pt
-Hemophilia - -Coagulation disorder that is characterized by the absence of
certain blood clotting factors
-Hemophilia types - -Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
-Clinical manifestations of hemophilia - --severe bleeding from minor
injuries
-Hemorrhage
-deep bruising
-Hemarthrosis (Bleeding into a joint)
-Pain
-Edema
-Erythema (red skin)
-Fever
-What factors are absent/deficient in hemophilia diagnostic tests? - -Factors
VIII and IX
-In hemophilia diagnostic tests, coagulation profiles, prothrombin time (PT),
and international normalize ratio(INR) - -are normal (coagulation profile has
a normal platelet count)
-Since PT, INR, and coagulation profiles are normal in hemophilia diagnostic
tests, what is prolonged? - -Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
-Medical management of hemophilia - -- preventing & treating bleed
-relieving pain
-For hemophilia, transfusions and administration of factor VII or IX
concentrate may be - -prophylactic (intended to prevent disease) or used to
stop a hemorrhage
-What is cryoprecipitate? - -Clotting factor concentrate in factor VIII
-Nursing interventions for hemophilia - --Prevent further hemorrhage or
extension
-Assess for anxiety, shock, and disorientation
-prevent deformity through support, splints, and physical therapy
-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - -a grave coagulopathy
resulting from the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in
, response to disease or injury. (Septicemia, malignancies, tissue trauma,
transfusion reaction, burns, shock, and snake bites
-Acute disorders associated with DIC - --acute liver failure
-gram negative bacteria
-gram positive bacteria
-organ destruction
-sepsis
-toxins
-trauma
-Chronic disorders associated with DIC - --Autoimmune disorder (immune
system attacks itself)
-cardiovascular disease
-hematologic disorder (disorder of blood/organs forming blood)
-inflammatory disorder
-malignancy (cancer)
-renal vascular disorder (affects the blood flow into and out of the kidneys)
-retained dead fetal syndrome
-Clinical Manifestation of patient with DIC - --Bleeding in mucous membrane
-Dyspnea (labored breathing)
-Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
-Diaphoresis (sweating) with cold
-Mottled digits
-Regarding DIC diagnostic tests, the coagulation profiles shows - -prolonged
prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times
-Regarding DIC diagnostic tests, the platelet count is - -low
-Regarding DIC diagnostic tests, the D-dimer test is - -elevated
-Role of the D-dimer test in a patient with DIC - -reveals the break-down of
fibrin and is a specific marker of the degree of fibrinolysis in the serum
-Medication management of DIC - -address underlying cause of DIC
-Administer of platelet transfusion and factor replacement therapy is
initiated when - -extensive bleeding occurs
-What is the purpose of heparin therapy in a patient diagnosed with DIC? - -
inhibits thrombin activity
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