Multidimensional care 3 Final exam
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1. What is Atrial Rapid, irregular heart rate with no discernible rhythm
Fibrillation?
2. What are symp- May be asymptomatic
toms of Atrial -Dyspnea
Fibrillation? -palpitations
-fatigue
-lightheadedness
-weakness
-chest pain (Heart is not getting enough oxygen)
-hemodynamic shock (hypotension)
3. What can happen can lead to pooling in the atria, clot formation, then em-
with Atrial fibril- bolus can travel around the body and cause a stroke, PE,
lation? or MI
4. What is a treat- anticoagulants
ment for atrial
fibrillation?
5. What is -abnormally fast heart rhythm due to inappropriate elec-
supraventricular trical activity in the atria, specifically the AV node
tachycardia? -Atria has a much faster heart rate than ventricles
-ventricles contract to be >100 bpm
6. What are treat- -calcium channel blockers
ment options -beta blockers
for supraventric- -anticoagulants
ular tachycar- -catheter ablation (electrify/burn to get back into rhythm)
dia? -valsalva maneuver (bear down to decrease heart rate,
forced expiration against a closed glottis)
7. How is heart fail- echocardiogram
ure diagnosed?
8. What is left sided fluid backing up into the lungs leading to pulmonary con-
heart failure? gestion
9. DROWNING
Dyspnea
, Multidimensional care 3 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cxt2dh
What are symp- Rales
toms of left sided Orthopnea
heart failure? Weakness
Nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea (SOB @ night d/t orthop-
nea)
Increased heart rate
Nagging cough
Gaining weight (2-3 lbs/day)
10. What is right Fluid is backing up into venous system (periphery)
sided heart fail-
ure?
11. What are symp- SWELLING
toms of right Swelling
sided heart fail- Weight gain
ure? Edema (pitting)
Large neck veins (JVD)
Lethargy/fatigue
Nocturia (elevated legs at night cause fluid to go back to
kidneys and stimulates urination)
Girth (ascites)- hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
12. What is high out- results from an increased metabolic state where cardia
put heart failure? output remains normal or elevated
13. What contributes Occurs when a condition causes the heart to work harder
to high output to meet the demands of the body
heart failure? (example- infection, Rheumatic fever)
14. What are elevated cardiac output
sings/symptoms fatigue
of high output shortness of breath
heart failure? fever/infections
15. What is used to ventricular assist device
treat end stage
heart failure?
16.
, Multidimensional care 3 Final exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cxt2dh
What is nursing Take medication as prescribed
education perti- Low sodium diet (<1,500 mg/day) - high sodium increases
nent for heart fluid retention
failure? Fluid restriction (<2 L/day) - already too much fluid built
up in body
when to call their provider (excessive weight gain, chest
pain, shortness of breath, extreme fatigue)
17. What is athero- plaque build up that causes narrowing of the vessels and
sclerosis? limits blood supply to the heart
18. What is a risk hyperlipidemia
factor for athero- -LDL= bad cholesterol, want LOW levels <100 mg/dL
sclerosis? -HDL= good cholesterol, want HIGH levels >60 mg/dL
19. What is a my- complete blockage in one or more arteries of the heart
ocardial infarc- (no oxygenated blood to the heart)
tion?
20. What can con- a plaque ruptures, becomes a blood clot that blocks arter-
tribute to a my- ies of heart
ocardial infarca-
tion?
21. What are shortness of breath
signs/symptoms nausea/vomiting
of a myocardial sweating
infarction? pale dusty skin
radiating pain in chest, jaw, back, shoulder, and abdomen
ST elevations
positive troponins
22. How does a my- neck, shoulder, jaw, upper back, or belly pain
ocardial infarc- shortness of breath
tion present in pain in one or both arms
women? nausea/vomiting
sweating
lightheadedness/dizziness
unusual fatigue
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