Philosophies And Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice
Author: Janie B. Butts
,Test Bank Philosophies Andtheories For Advanced Nursing Practice
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Chapter 1 – Philosophy Of Science: An Introduction
1. Why Are Natural Sciences Also Referred To As “Pure” Sciences?
A. They Are Considered Stand-Alone Bodies Of Unique Knowledge.
B. They Are The Only Sciences To Which The Scientific Method Can Be Applied.
C. They Are The Original Sciences Upon Which All Others Are Based.
D. They Are Not Affected By Subjectivity In The Way Other Sciences Are.
Correct Answer: A
2. Which Is Not An Example Of An Applied Science As Used In Health Care Today?
A. Social Work
B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination Of Care Disparities
D. Pathology
Correct
Answer: D
3. Roberta Firmly Believes That Individual Experiences Are The Source Of All Knowledge
In The World. As A Scientist, She Acknowledges Her Role As A Participant In The
Experiments She Performs And Does Consider Herself Merely A Disconnected Observer
Of Phenomenon.
Roberta’s Views Are Most Closteelysrt
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l Of Scientific Thought?
A. Natural Science
B. Human Science
C. Applied Science
D. Soft Science
Correct
Answer: B
4. What Is The Ultimate Goal Of The Scientific Method?
A. Application Of Scientific Results To A Related Body Of Knowledge In Order To
Meet Some Type Of Human Need.
B. Examination Of The Decisions Made By A Scientist To Understand The Ways In
Which Subjectivity Was Introduced To The Experiment.
C. Reproducible Experimental Results That Do Not Take Researcher Individuality Into Account.
D. Improving The Situation Or Process Used In The Experiment To Yield More Accurate
Results In Repeat Experiments.
Correct Answer: C
,5. Which Of The Following Best Describes The Aim Of Natural Sciences?
A. Affirmation Of The Importance Of Cultural Understanding By Uncovering The
Common Subjective Biases Of Different Disciplines.
B. Improvement Of The Quality Of Life By Understanding What Helps People
Maximize Their Functional Abilities.
C. Utilization Of Knowledge By Applying It To A Specific Purpose In Order To Better A
Situation Or Change Viewpoints.
D. Development Of Knowledge For The Sake Of Developing Knowledge, Discovering
Truth, And Controlling Outcomes.
Correct Answer: D
E. Gretchen And Peter Are Graduate Students In The Same Physics Lab. Their
Supervisor Has Asked Both Of Them To Perform The Same Experiment Using The
Same Procedure And
Equipment. After They’ve Both Completed Their Task, The Compare Their Results And
Discover That They Are Nearly Identical. Which Of The Five Criteria For Science Does
Gretchen And Peter’s Discovery Exemplify?
F. Intersubjective Testability
G. Reliability
H. Definiteness And Precision
I. Coherence
Correct Answer: A
J. Which Statement Does Not Describe A General Characteristic Of Philosophy?
K. Thinking For The Sake Of Thinking.
L. Utilization Of Process And Outcome.
M. Demarcation Of Wholeness And Holism.
N. Application Of Epistemology And Ontology.
Correct Answer: C
O. Repetitive Patterns Of Behavior Dictated By Past Experiences Is An Example Of Which
Source Of Knowledge?
P. Doctrine
Q. Common Sense
R. Tradition
S. Authority
Correct
Answer: C
, T. Francisco Is A Chemist Who Rigidly Applies The Scientific Method To All That He
Does, Whether In The Lab Or Out Of It, And Strongly Believes That All Relationships
Are Governed By Cause And Effect. He Sees Little Need For Subjectivity In Any Area
Of His Life, Believing Instead That The World Is An External Concept Completely
Independent Of Individual Thoughts Or
Desires. Which Philosophical School Best Describes Francisco’s Outlook On The World?
U. Phenomenology
V. Logical Positivism
W. Hermeneutics
X. Post-Structuralism
Correct Answer: B
Y. Which Statement Would An Adherent Of The Perceived View Most Likely Make?
Z. “Observation Is Completely Unbiased.”
AA. “Descriptive Law Is The Gold Standard Of Science.”
BB. “Individual Phenomenon Make Up The Whole That Is The Universe.”
CC. “Theories Are Neither Right Nor Wrong.”
Correct Answer: D
DD. Which Philosophy Subscribes To The Idea That The Universe Is A Whole Made Of Interrelated
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