Exam (elaborations)
STA 270 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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STA 270 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS...
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Statistics - ANSWER the scientific discipline that provides methods tohelp us make sense of data
Variable - ANSWER any characteristic whose value may change from
one individual or object to another ex. weight, height, IQ...
Population - ANSWER the entire collection of individuals or objects
above which information is desired
Sample - ANSWER a subset of the population selected for the study
Descriptive Statistics - ANSWER a branch of statistics that includes
methods for organizing and summarizing data
Inferential Statistics - ANSWER a branch of statistics that involves
generalizing from a sample to a population from which the sample was
selected and assessing the reliability of such generalization
Categorical Data - ANSWER classified ex. hair color
Nominal - ANSWER order is not important, one is not better than the
other ex. gender
Ordinal - ANSWER order is important ex. letter grade, marathon results
Numerical Data - ANSWER measured on a numerical scale ex. GPA,
height
Discrete - ANSWER distinct values with gaps in between ex. # of
siblings, GPA
, Continuous - ANSWER takes any value in an interval on a number line,
there are no gaps between possible values ex. time, weight, age
Univariate - ANSWER collect observations from a single variable ex.
height
Multivariate - ANSWER collect observations from 2 or more variables ex.
height & weight & age
Bivariate - ANSWER collect observations from 2 variables, special
multivariate data set ex. height & weight
Data - ANSWER observations made on either a single variable or
simultaneously on two or more variables
Observational Study - ANSWER interested in answering questions about
characteristics of a population or comparing such characteristics in two
or more well-defined populations ex. determining whether gender and
attitude toward abortion are related
Experimental Study - ANSWER interested in answering questions such
as "what is the effect of...?" "what happens when...?"
Selection Bias - ANSWER intentionally leave out certain parts of the
population bias as a result of systematic exclusion of some part of the
population ex. conducting a survey of NAU students only on the south
campus
Measurement/Response Bias - ANSWER bias as a result of the method
of observation tends to produce values that differ from the true value ex.
the tendency of people not to be completely honest when asked in
person about illegal behavior or unpopular beliefs
Non-response Bias - ANSWER bias as a result of data not obtained from
all individuals in the sample
Simple Random Sampling - ANSWER a sample chosen using a method
that ensures that each different possible sample of the desired size has
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