Neurobiological Basis: Neural Networks - answer-Mesolimbic pathway is most associated with reward. Drugs and alcohol act directly on brain receptors leading to a release of dopamine.
As substance use increases, brain circuits adapt by reducing sensitivity to dopamine, leading to tolerance and t...
NR546 WEEK 6 PRACTICE ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW!!.
Neurobiological Basis: Neural Networks - answer-Mesolimbic pathway is
most associated with reward. Drugs and alcohol act directly on brain
receptors leading to a release of dopamine.
As substance use increases, brain circuits adapt by reducing sensitivity to
dopamine, leading to tolerance and the need to increase use of a
substance to achieve the same high.
Neurological Basis: Neural Signaling - answer-Dopamine is responsible for
regulating the brain's motivation, pleasure, and reward center.
The pathway begins in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and connects to
the ventral striatum/nucleus
Genetic involvement may impact an individual's experience of a drug as
pleasurable or not or how long a drug remains in the body.
Epigenetic factors in SUD` - answer-influence whether genes associated
with substance use disorder are activated
Neurological Basis: Neuroanatomy in SUD - answer-Brain circuits that
mediate reward, impulse control, decision making, learning, and emotions
play a role in substance use disorder.
Mesolimbic Dopamine pathway in SUD - answer-has been identified as the
key pathway that mediates reward.
Connects the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain to the ventral striatum
of the basal ganglia.
Dopamine is release in response to natural pleasurable activities or
situations such as achieving an accomplishment, enjoying a good meal. or
,participating in an athletic activity. Addictive drugs cause a surge of
dopamine in the ventral striatum or nucleus accumbens.
Repeated use can lead to changes in brain circuitry leading to craving,
addiction, dependence, withdrawal.
What neurotransmitter is the target when treating SUD? - answer-
Dopamine.
Tolerance - answer-With repeated ingestion of a drug, the drug shows
decreased effect. Increasing doses are required to achieve the effects
noted with the original administration
Dependence - answer-State of adaption produced with repeated
administration of certain drugs so that physical symptoms occur when the
drug is discontinued abruptly.
Addiction - answer-A change in behavior caused by biochemical changes
in the brain after continued substance use characterized by preoccupation
with and repeated use of a substance despite negative outcomes.
Substance Use Disorder - answer-Occurs when the recurrent use of a
substance, such as alcohol or drugs, causes clinically significant
impairment, including health problems, disability, or failure to meet
responsibilities at home, work, or school.
When does drug use typically begin? - answer-Adolescence
Common Comorbidities of substance use disorder - answer-Anxiety
disorders
depression
bipolar disorder
psychotic illness
borderline personality disorder
antisocial personality disorder
Neurological basis: Genetic factors of SUD - answer-40-60% of a client's
vulnerability to substance use disorders may be attributed to genetic factors
, Vulnerability involves complex interactions between multiple genetic
factors/.
Withdrawal - answer-Physiological and psychological reactions that occur
when the use of a substance is stopped abruptly.
Intoxication - answer-Condition following the ingestion of a substance
resulting in changes in level of consciousness, cognition, perception,
judgement, and behavior.
Treatment - answer-The PMHNP must ascertain what substance the client
is using, how much and how often the substance is used, and when the
substance was last ingested to determine the most appropriate course of
treatment.
Treatment is different when a client is actively using vs during withdrawal,
following detoxification, and abstinence.
Tolerance and dependence impact treatment decisions, sometimes
necessitating increased medication dosing.
Medication Assisted Therapy (MAT) - answer-clients use prescription
medications as part of a treatment plan for SUD. Substitutes the drug of
abuse for the prescribed medication that targets the same receptor as the
preferred substance.
Can reduce cravings, improve relapse rates, reduce mortality from
overdose, and increase the likelihood of abstinence either alone or in
combination with with psychosocial interventions. Most prescribed for
opioid use disorder but may also be used for clients with alcohol or tobacco
use disorder.
Goals of MAT - answer-Improved Survival
Improved treatment retention
Decreased illegal activity
Increased Quality of Life
Improved birth outcomes in people who use substance while pregnant
Reduced HIV and Hep B&C infections
Impulsive/Compulsive Disorders - answer-Other mental health disorders
shar similar neurobiological characteristics with substance use disorders.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller karimikelvin92. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $20.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
