NUR 211 Exam 3
Mitigation Phase - ANS ● Takes place before and after an emergency
● Consists of identifying potential hazards and taking acting to reduce likelihood that it will occur
or minimize the effects
● Eg: Warning systems, flood insurance- tornado warning system
Preparedness Phase - ANS ● Takes place before an emergency
● Risks are assessed and plans developed- how will we respond to and recover from
● Crucial task is to develop an emergency operations plan- different plan for hurricane than one
for snow storm, etc. Each one has different plans because they have different parts that are
essential.
● Eg: identifying, organizing & training personnel, stockpiling supplies, creating an evacuation
plan- EX: Personnel, if we're planning for a terrorist attack, we would be looking at people that
would help us identify if it was a chemical agent or radiation agent.
Emergency response phase (emergency is happening and plan is being implemented) - ANS ●
Implementation of preparedness plans
● Victims triaged, treated as soon as possible
● Eg: Search and rescue operations, shelter for survivors, dealing with utility infrastructure
damages
Recovery Phase - ANS ● Occurs post emergency and is designed to restore the community to
normal or create new safer normal
· Eg: rebuilding, reassess risks and update
Primary prevention - ANS ● Aimed at preventing the occurrence of a disaster or limiting the
consequences
● Occurs in pre-disaster stages
Secondary prevention - ANS ● Include search, rescue, and triage of victims and- evaluating
how bad it is
● Assessment of destruction and devastation
● Implemented once the disaster occurs
Tertiary prevention- disaster has occurred - ANS ● Focuses on recovery and restoring the
community to previous levels of functioning
● Aimed at preventing a recurrence or minimizing the effects of future disasters
Hot zone - ANS ● Most dangerous
● Considered "Contaminated zone"
, ● Must have on full personal protective equipment- Level A PPE
● Specialized training & equipment are necessary
Warm Zone - ANS ● At least 300 feet from the outer edge of the hot zone
● Area where decontamination takes place
● PPE is required
● Once victims are decontaminated, they are moved to the cold zone
Cold zone - ANS ● PPE may still be required in some circumstances
○ Change in wind direction
● Victims are triaged, treated and transported to appropriate facilities
Cutaneous anthrax - ANS ● Infection begins one to 14 days after exposure of a skin cut or sore
to anthrax spores.
● The lesion presents as a painless, pruritic papule on exposed skin areas.
● During the next one to two days, vesicles may develop at the site. The vesicles rupture, and a
painless, ulcerated, black eschar develops.
Inhalation anthrax - ANS ● Inhalation anthrax symptoms can include:
○ Fever and chills
○ Chest discomfort
○ Shortness of breath
○ Confusion or dizziness
○ Cough
○ Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains
○ Headache
○ Sweats (often drenching)
○ Extreme tiredness
○ Body aches
Most lethal form- symptoms resemble flu and could lead to misdiagnosis
Ingestion of anthrax - ANS ● Fever and chills
● Swelling of neck or neck glands
● Sore throat
● Painful swallowing
● Hoarseness
● Nausea and vomiting, especially bloody vomiting
● Diarrhea or bloody diarrhea
● Headache
● Flushing (red face) and red eyes
● Stomach pain
● Fainting
● Swelling of abdomen (stomach)
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