PRESICE AND SHORT NOTES TO BE ABLE TO CRACK NEET EXAM COMING FROM AN MBBS STUDENT. CAN BE USEFUL IN BOARD EXAMS AS WELL. INFORMATION FROM AAKASH COACHING CENTRES AND NCERT TEXTBOOKS HAVE BEEN ADDED.
Living world :
Growth : all living org - growth from inside
● increase in mass and increase in number of individuals (twin characteristics)
● Multicellular org - cell division
● plants - throughout lifetime growth by cell div. - indefinite
● Animals - up to certain age - definite
● Increase in mass - growth - hence non living also grows - mountains, sand mounds - accumulation
of material on the surface.
● Not defining property
Reproduction :
● Production of progeny - similar to parents - sexual reproduction
● Fungi multiply - asexual means - produce spores -
● Yeast and hydra - budding ; in planaria (flatworms) - regeneration of fragmented part
● Fragmentation : fungi, protonema of mosses, filamentous algae.
● Unicellular org - bacteria, unicellular algae, amoeba - cell div is reproduction (like growth).
● Sterile worker (female) bees, mules, infertile humans - can't reproduce
● Not defining property
Metabolism :
● Constructive - anabolic
● Destructive - breakdown - catabolic
● Sum total of all chemical reaction in our body is metabolism
● Non living no metabolism - isolated in vitro reactions - non living but living reactions.
● Defining feature
● Cellular organisation - defining feature of life form
Consciousness :
● Response to stimuli - phy, chemical or biological response
● Sense surrounding - complicated feature
● Plants - respond to light, water, temp, etc.
● Prokaryotes to eukaryotes all respond
● Photoperiod affect reproduction in seasonal breeders (plants and animals)
● Humans - self consciousness.
● Coma patients - lost consciousness - still exhibit life - if regained consciousness the person lives
again if not dies.
● Defining property of living forms
LIVING ORGANISMS: SELF REPLICATING, EVOLVING, SELF REGULATING INTERACTIVE
SYSTEMS CAPABLE OF RESPONDING TO EXTERNAL STIMULI.
● 1.7 - 1.8 billion species known - biodiversity
● Increase area, increased variety
● Standardise name of living org - nomenclature - each organism has just one name
● Nomenclature needs identification of organism
● Plants - international code of botanical nomenclature
● Animals - international code of zoological nomenclature
● Bacteria - international code of nomenclature of bacteria
● Cultivated plants - international code of nomenclature of cultivated plants
● Virus - code of virus classification and nomenclature
Generic name and specific epithet - binomial nomenclature - name in 2 components - given by carolus
linnaeus
Mango - Mangifera indica Linn
● In latin - written in italics - first genus then specific epithet - if handwritten, underlined separately -
genus capital letter starting, specific epithet small letter - author name at end
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