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NUR 213 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 2 | GRADED A+ SOLVED 100% CORRECT
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NUR 213 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 2 | GRADED A+ SOLVED 100% CORRECT
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NUR 213 Exam 21. A potentially fatal syndrome of lung inflammation and injury
Answer
Acute Repiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
2. ARDS is caused by
Answer
DIRECT injury to lungs or INDIRECTLY by severe illness
3. Examples of direct injuries that cause ARDS
Answer
Pneumonia/Sepsis** Gastric aspiration.
Lung contusion.
Fat emboli.
Near Drowning.
Inhalation injury.
Reperfusion
Answer
Lung transplant and/or Pulm embolectomy.
4. Examples of indirect injuries that cause ARDS
Answer
Sepsis** Severe trauma with shock & DIC.
Cardiopulm. bypass. Overdose.
Acute pancreatitis. TRALI.
Burns.
5. Gastric Aspirations and Near Drowning are examples of which type of lung injury?
Answer
Direct
6. Sepsis is caused by which type of lung injury?
Answer
,Can be caused by both direct and indirect lung injuries.
7. Severe Trauma, Overdose and Burns are examples of which type of lung injury?
Answer
Indirect
8. Acute Repiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is acute respiratory *failure* with the
following features
Answer
~ *hypoxemia* that persists even with 100% O2
~ decreased lung (pulmonary) compliance
~ dyspnea
~*noncardiac* associated *bilateral pulmonary edema*
~ *dense pulmonary infiltrates* on x-ray (ground glass)
9. Often ARDS occurs in people with no pulmonary disease after what?
Answer
an
*acute lung injury*
10. Despite the different causes of acute lung injury - the trigger for ARDS is a
Answer
systemic inflammatory response
11. ARDS
Answer
The main site of injury in the lung is the
alveolar-capillary membrane
12. The alveolar capillary membrane is normally permeable to only what?
Answer
-
small molecules
, 13. When injured, the alveolar capillary membrane becomes
Answer
damaged and more permeable to intravascular fluid! The osmotic gradient "shifts" which the
allows debris, proteins & H2O into the alveloi!
14. The alveolar capillary membrane can be injured during what things?
Answer
sepsis - both direct and indirect.
pulmonary embolism - direct. shock - indirect.
gastric aspiration - direct.
Burns and inhalation injury - indirect.
15. The course of ARDS and its management are divided into 3 phases
Answer
1. Injury/exudative phase.
2. Reparative/proliferative phase.
3. Fibrotic/chronic phase.
16. Injury/exudative Phase
Answer
Can last up to a week. Damage to the alveolar / fluids flood in!
Gas exchange compromised (what findings would you see?). Alveolar collapse.
Fluid inactivates surfactant / worsens hypoxemia that does not respond to supplemental O2.
17. Reparative/proliferative phase
Answer
Can lasts up to 3 weeks.
Inflammatory response occurs/phase complete when the lung is dense with fibrous tissue.
Increased pulmonary vascular resistance & pulmonary hypertension may occur d/t the destroyed
pulmonary vasculature.
If phase persists widespread fibrosis results.
If arrested lesions resolve and pt. may recover fully.
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