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Ophthalmology Exam Master Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
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Ophthalmology Exam Master Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
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Ophthalmology Exam Master Questionsand Answers (Latest Update 2025)
A client comes into the clinic with a complaint of flaking and
scaling around her lashes, along with itching and burning
sensation, occurring over the past year. She has also noted
her lid margins are red, and some of her lashes are missing.
Her history is significant for seborrheic dermatitis of the
scalp, eyebrows, and external ears, and diabetes.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Blepharitis
Chalazion
Conjunctivitis
Ectropion
Foreign Body - Correct Answer ✅Blepharitis
Blepharitis may be seborrheic or ulcerative. Seborrheic (non-
ulcerative) blepharitis is commonly associated with seborrhea
of the face, eyebrows, external ears, and scalp. Inflammation
of the eyelid margins occurs, with redness, thickening, and
often the formation of scales and crusts or shallow marginal
ulcers. Ulcerative blepharitis is caused by bacterial infection
,Ophthalmology Exam Master Questions
and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
(usually staphylococcal) of the lash follicles and the
meibomian glands. Removal of crusts, topical antibiotics,
and /or oral antibiotics remains the mainstay of treatment.
A 64-year-old African-American man presents to the
emergency department after he went blind in his right eye
"out of the blue" 20 minutes ago. There is no pain associated
with his symptoms and he is not nauseated. Past medical
history is positive for DMII for the past ten years. The pupil
reaction on the left side is normal with pressure of 17mmHg.
Right pupil evaluation reveals no reaction to light or
accommodation with pressure of 20mmHg. Right eye
ophthalmoscopy reveals arteriolar narrowing, vascular stasis,
and "boxcar" pattern.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Occlusion of the central retinal artery
Acute glaucoma attack
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Retinal detachment
, Ophthalmology Exam Master Questions
and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
Macular degeneration - Correct Answer ✅Occlusion of the
central retinal artery
The symptoms described above are typical for occlusion of
the central retinal artery, which is a branch of the ophthalmic
artery, in turn a branch of the internal carotid artery. The
"boxcar" pattern is segmentation of the venous blood column,
bilateral boxcar ring is a useful sign of circulatory arrest and
death. Acute central artery occlusion is an emergency, since
it results in permanent blindness if circulation is not restored
within 30-60 minutes.
A 36-year-old woman presents with a small and irregular right
pupil. On exam, you note that the pupil does not respond to
direct or consensual light stimuli; however, it becomes
smaller during an accommodation testing.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Retinal artery occlusion
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