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KNES 355 Final questions with correct answers
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- Knes
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- University Of Maryland - University College
KNES 355 Final questions with correct answers
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KNES 355 Final questions with correct answersAssessing maturation attemps to relate biological time to calendar time
by assesing the ________ and _______ of progressing toward the adult
state. Correct Answer--tempo (rate)
-timing
What is the best method for the assessment of biological maturity status?
Correct Answer-Skeletal Maturity. This is because the beginning and
end of the process are known.
How is the progression of skeletal maturation monitored? and which
bones are usually used? Correct Answer-x-rays or radiograph
-Typically the bones in the left hand and wrist, viewed from the dorsal
post. perspective
In the x-rays what's looked at? Correct Answer--several long bones
-several round bones
The characteristics of these bones are considered
How is the epiphysis and diaphysis identified in the x-ray? Correct
Answer-The small white band in the shadow is the epiphysis. It's
cartilage where the bone lengthening occurs.
The diaphysis is the long solid shaft of the bone.
How does an adult x-ray of a hand compare to a childs? Correct
Answer--In an adult hand the area of the growth plate will be opaque
,and will no longer be distinguishable. This is because once the growth
plate fuses, it won't be a distinguishable band of cartilage.
-Also adult bones have a different specific shape of the round bones
compared to children.
What are the 3 indicators of skeletal maturity? Correct Answer-1. The
initial appearance of bone centers on an X-ray, which indicates the
initial replacement of the cartilage by bone tissue in the specific bone
involved. This happens very early in life (age 3) and isn't related to the
adolescent growth spurt.
2. The definition and characterization of each bone by gradual shape
differentiation as the adult form gradually becomes apparent (shape
changes in the epiphysis of each bone and in the epiphyseal end of the
diaphysis. Also round bone change and enlargement)
3. The appearance of fusion or union of the epiphysis with their
respective diaphysis in the metacarpals, phalanges, radius and ulna. This
is a finite point in time when the epiphyseal growth plates fuse.
What are the 3 methods of assessment of skeletal maturity? Correct
Answer--Greulich-Pyle Method
-Tanner-Whitehouse Method
-Fels Method
What is the Greulich-Pyle Method? What are the limitations? Correct
Answer-matching of a hand-wrist X-ray of a specific child as closely as
possible with a series of standardized X-ray plates which correspond to
successive levels of skeletal maturity at specific chronological ages.
,-So a childs SA is the age identified as typical of the sex-specific
standard plate that matches closest to the childs
-Limitations: You have the trust that the standardized set represents the
characteristics of that age. This trust decreases as you increase towards
the adolescent growth spurt.
What is the Tanner-Whitehouse Method? Limitations? Correct Answer-
matching the features of 20 bones on a given film to a series of specific
written criteria for the stages through which a bon passes.
-A point score is assigned to each stage for each bone, the scores are
summed to give a skeletal maturity score which ranges from 0
(immature) to 1000 (adult). This score is then converted to the 20-bon
SA.
-Then there's another transformation to determine BA from SA
Limitations: only works in cross-sectional studies.
What is the Fels Method? Correct Answer-Criteria for specific grades of
each maturity indicator are based on the shapes of each carpal bone and
the epiphyses and corresponding diaphysis of the radius and ulna and of
the metacarpals and phalanges of the 1st, 3rd and 5th digits.
-Then grades are converted into SA.
True or False: The 3 methods of assessing skeletal maturity don't agree
after the ages of 8-9 years old. Correct Answer-TRUE
, What is puberty? Correct Answer-The transition between childhood and
adulthood and includes the appearance of secondary sex characteristics,
maturation of the reproductive system, and the adolescent growth spurt.
How is sexual maturity assessed? Correct Answer-Assessment by direct
observation of secondary sex characteristics usually summarized as 5 or
6 stages for each characteristic:
-breast development and menarche in girls
-penis and testes development in boys
-pubic hair growth in both
What are the drawbacks of assessing sexual maturation? Correct
Answer--limited to the pubertal phase of growth and maturity as there's
no sexual maturation occuring between birth and the age of 9.
-limited applicability over the course of growth relative to other methods
-invasive
-time consuming and subject error
-no comparative event to menarche is observed in boys
-Subjective, trying to discriminate between the stages of puberty
What are the most commonly used criteria for assessing sexual
maturity? Correct Answer-The Tanner Staging criteria for pubic hair,
breast and genital maturation
What are the 5 Tanner stages? limitations? Correct Answer-1.
prepubertal state, characteristics not present
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