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Cscc Microbiology Exam 4 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Cscc Microbiology Exam 4 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Cscc Microbiology Exam 4 QuestionsAnd Answers With Verified Solutions
Already Passed!!!
Another word for hypersensitivity? - ANSWER✔✔allergy, typically overreaction
to antigen
Immunopathology - ANSWER✔✔the study of disease states associated with over
activity or under activity of immune response.
allergy - ANSWER✔✔altered reactivity or exaggerated immune response
manifested by inflammation - reaction are typically immediate.
hypersensitivity - ANSWER✔✔overreaction of B cells specifically, reaction can
be immediate or delayed.
Allergens - ANSWER✔✔the antigen to which allergic individulas are sensitive
Four major categories of hypersensitiy/allergy - ANSWER✔✔Type I - B cell
related, direct Ab assoc - immediate
Type II - B cell related, direct Ab assoc
Type III- B cell related, direct Ab assoc.
Type IV - T cell related, no Ab
Type I Hypersensitivities - ANSWER✔✔IgE - mediated, reaction w/in mins (30
mins) of exposure (tendency to have Type I inherited)
,IgE Ab bind to receptors on mast cells and basophiles
Documented reactions occur in at least 20-30% of population
Type II Hypersensitivities -Cytotoxic - ANSWER✔✔Antibodies react with cell
surface antigens causing cell injury or death
Cells can be destroyed in type II reactions
Type III Hypersensitivities - Immune Complex Reactions - ANSWER✔✔Involves
the reaction of antigen with antibody and the deposition of the resulting complexes
in basement membranes of tissue
Type IV Hypersensitivities - Delayed Cell-Mediated - ANSWER✔✔Delayed
hypersensitivities caused by cell-mediated immunity
Slowly developing response to antigen - Reactions peak in 2 to 3 days instead of
minutes
T cells are responsible for reactions - Reactions can occur nearly anywhere in the
body
TB skin test is an example
Hives - localized anaphylaxis - ANSWER✔✔Allergic skin condition characterized
by formation of wheal and flare rash
,Hay Fever - localized anaphylaxis - ANSWER✔✔Allergic condition caused by
inhaled antigen
Condition marked by itching teary eyes, sneezing and runny nose
Asthma - localized anaphylaxis - ANSWER✔✔Respiratory allergy
Allergic mediators attracted to inflamed respiratory tract
Results in increased mucous secretion and bronchi spasm
Generalized/Systemic anaphylaxis - ANSWER✔✔- Rare, but more serious
- Antigen enters bloodstream and becomes widespread
- Reactions affect almost entire body
- Can induce shock
- Massive release of mediators causes extensive blood vessel dilation and fluid loss
- Causes fall in pressure leading to flow insufficiency
Immunotherapy - Type I - ANSWER✔✔Procedure to inject individual with
extremely dilute suspension of allergen
Concentration of allergen gradually increased over time so that individual
gradually becomes less sensitive
Concept of Immunotherpay - ANSWER✔✔To desensitization or hyposensitization
system forced to make more IgG to react quicker and faster
, Examples of type II hypersensitivities - ANSWER✔✔- Transfusion reactions
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Transfusion reactions - ANSWER✔✔Normal RBC's have different surface
antigens
Transfused blood that is antigenically different can be lysed by recipient immune
cells
Cross-matching blood is used to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient
IgM antibodies cause type II reactions
Syptoms for getting transfused with the wrong blood. - ANSWER✔✔pressure,
pain, nausea and vomiting, worsen over time if not caught right away - can be fatal
Hemolytic disease - ANSWER✔✔Basis of disease is incompatibility of Rh factor
between mother and child
Rh factor RBC cell surface antigen - ANSWER✔✔Rh positive = Rh antigen
present
Rh negative = Rh antigen missing
What antigen is the Rh factor also known as? - ANSWER✔✔D antigen is present
in 85% of humans
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