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PPN 301 - Week 3 With Complete Solutions
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PPN 301 - Week 3 With Complete Solutions
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
PPN 301 - Week 3 With Complete Solutions
may be challenged by language barriers, past negative experiences with health care providers, lack of transportation,
and limited health care facilities available in remote or rural communities ANS✔✔ access to prenatal care
life or health of the mother or newborn is jeopardized by a disorder or medical, social or environmental factors
coincident with or unique to pregnancy
-for the mother, the high-risk status arbitrarily extends through the puerperium (approximately 6 weeks after childbirth)
-the diagnosis of high risk imposes a situational crisis on the family
-requires decision making about whether to continue or interrupt the pregnancy or birth of a newborn who does not
meet cultural, societal, or familial norms and expectations
-this heightened anxiety can contribute to preterm birth in some patients and may influence parental attitude toward
the infant ANS✔✔ high-risk pregnancy
-usually are resolved within 1 month of birth, but perinatal morbidity may continue for months or years
-may take 3 to 6 months to return to prepregnancy stability ANS✔✔ postbirth maternal complications
income and social status, social support networks, education, employment and working conditions, physical
environment, personal health practices and coping skills, biology and genetics, availability of health services, and culture
ANS✔✔ social and individual factors associated with high-risk child-bearing
-poverty, unsafe living conditions, food insecurity, racism and oppression
-contribute to chronic stress which lead to preterm birth and hypertension ANS✔✔ social factors that affect
physiological level
cultural information, mothering by their mothers and strong family support ANS✔✔ social determinants of health which
contribute to resilience and strength (Aboriginal)
>genetic risks include heritable factors that originate within the mother or fetus and affect the development or
functioning of either or both
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
>may interfere with healthy fetal or newborn development, result in congenital anomalies, or create difficulties for the
mother
>altered genes, transmittable inherited disorders, chromosome anomalies, multiple pregnancy, large fetal size, and ABO
incompatibility ANS✔✔ biology and genetic factors - genetic considerations:
availability of healthcare, physical environment, income and social status, education, social support networks, culture,
employment or working hazards ANS✔✔ demographic characteristics
-varies w geographic region
-people in urban areas tend to have more prenatal visits than patients in remote and rural areas, who have fewer
opportunities for specialized care because of the distance they have to travel to get to it
-lower socioeconomic situations
-recent immigrants ANS✔✔ availability of healthcare
>unsafe soil and water conditions and environmental exposure to pollutants, such as paint with lead content
>many Indigenous communities have boil-water alerts to ensure that they are drinking safe water
>the consumption of mercury-contaminated fish, which may pose health risks to a developing fetus ANS✔✔ physical
environment
>most important determinant of health because of its influence on living conditions, level of education, quality of diet,
and extent of physical activity
>lower income level is associated with an increased risk for medical complications of pregnancy
>patient with a lower income may not have as many support people to ask for assistance or to arrange for
transportation to appointments or for child care
>for young Indigenous patients, trying to meet the challenges of a pregnancy is a source of "pride" ANS✔✔ income and
social status
>level of education can reflect their knowledge of the importance of prenatal care and awareness of where to receive it
>having a higher education level can increase pregnant patients' confidence in asking questions and making choices and
has been associated with fewer adverse outcomes in pregnancy and postpartum ANS✔✔ education
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
>the increased mortality and morbidity rates for single patients, including a greater risk for pre-eclampsia, are often
related to inadequate prenatal care, lower socioeconomic status, lower level of education, and younger childbearing age
>availability of social networks and close community ties have been shown to alleviate barriers related to lower income
and less education ANS✔✔ social support networks
>Indigenous patients have described encounters with health care providers that include judgement of their lifestyle
choices, racism, and discrimination
>many factors influence whether they attend prenatal care visits, including lack of transportation, complex life
situations, and whether they have had experience with child protection services
>patients have described their willingness to seek health care for their children but a reluctance to seek their own health
care because of past negative experiences ANS✔✔ culture
>occupational hazards can be grouped into chemical, physical, biological, and psychological hazards
>the risk to the fetus depends on the timing of the exposure, the dose, and fetal and maternal susceptibility
>patients who work at highly physically demanding jobs or are exposed to hazards such as industrial fumes or do shift
work have higher pregnancy risks ANS✔✔ employment/working hazards
problematic substance use, nutritional status, dental hygiene, psychosocial stressors ANS✔✔ personal health practices
and coping skills
>smoking is associated with intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and low birth weight
>alcohol consumption has adverse effects on the fetus, resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which include fetal
alcohol syndrome, alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, and alcohol-related birth defects
>recreational or prescribed medication misuse can be teratogenic, cause metabolic disturbances, produce chemical
effects, or cause depression or alteration of central nervous system function ANS✔✔ substance use
>dietary deficiencies are more common among households with children that have a lone parent, are Indigenous, and
are receiving social assistance
>conditions that influence nutritional status include the following: young age of the mother; three pregnancies in the
previous 2 years; tobacco, alcohol, or problematic substance use; inadequate dietary intake because of chronic illness or
food fads; and inadequate or excessive weight gain ANS✔✔ nutritional status
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
>periodontal disease increases the risk for preterm birth and low birth weight ANS✔✔ dental hygiene
>there is a relationship between emotional distress and birth complications
>this risk factor includes conditions such as specific intrapsychic disturbances and addictive lifestyles; a history of child
abuse or intimate partner violence;inadequate support systems; family disruption or dissolution; and maternal role
changes or conflicts ANS✔✔ -psychosocial stressors
-early and ongoing risk assessment is crucial
-factors to consider when determining a patient's risk status include resources available locally to treat the condition,
availability of appropriate facilities for transport if needed, and determination of the best health care match for the
patient's needs ANS✔✔ regionalization of health care services
hemorrhage, infection, hypertensive disorders, complications from the birth, and unsafe abortion ANS✔✔ major causes
of maternal deaths worldwide
hypertensive disorders, pulmonary and amniotic embolism, hemorrhage, and other causes, such as mental illness
ANS✔✔ leading causes of maternal mortality in Canada
age (younger than 20 years or 35 years or older), lack of prenatal care, and low education level ANS✔✔ factors strongly
related to maternal death
-excessive amniotic fluid
>poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
>fetomaternal hemorrhage
>fetal congenital anomalies (e.g., gastrointestinal obstruction, central nervous system abnormalities)
>genetic disorders
>twin-twin transfusion syndrome ANS✔✔ polyhydramnios (risk factors)
-poor growth of fetus within the womb
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