Name Hypotonic Solutions - answer✔0.45% NaCl(1/2NS), 0.33% NaCl, 0.225 NaCl, 2.5%
Dextrose in water
Name hypertonic solutions - answer✔3% NaCl, Mannitol, D10W, D20W, D50W
What is an isotonic solution? - answer✔same tonicity as blood, it does not cause a shift in fluids.
Often used as bloodstream volume expander.
What is a hyptonic solution? - answer✔This has fewer particles and more water than blood and
body fluids. Causes a shift from ECF to ICF to deliver water to the body as a dehydration
treatment.
What is a hypertonic solution? - answer✔A solution that contains more particles and less water
than blood and body fluids. Fluids shift from ICF to ECF causing the body cell to shrink.
What is a major ion in ECF? - answer✔Sodium
it's a primary determinant of ECF osmolarity and assists in maintenance of fluid balance and
osmotic pressure.
What is a major ion in the ICF? - answer✔Potassium
It assists in the maintenance of neuromuscular excitability and acid base balance.
What is the normal sodium range? - answer✔135-145 mEq/L
What are the causes of Hyponatremia? - answer✔A: adrenal insufficiency
I: intoxication
D: diuretics
S: SIADH
What are S/S of Hyponatremia? - answer✔S: stupor/coma
A: anorexia (N/V)
L: Lethargy
T: Tachycardia, tendon reflexes decreased
L: Limp muscles
O:orthostatic hypotension
S: Seizures/HA
S: Stomach cramping, shallow and ineffective breathing
What are nursing interventions for Hyponatremia? - answer✔D: diet, increase salty foods, such
as, soy sauce, bacon, cheese
R: Restrict fluids
A: Administer IV hypertonic solution
W: Daily weight
I: Measure I/O (strict?)
T: Thiazide diuretics
*Monitor cardio, respiratory, neuromuscular, GI, and renal status
*If client takes lithium, monitor Li level because hyponatremia can diminsh Li excretion
resulting in toxicity
What are causes of Hypernatremia? - answer✔D: deprivation (fluid)
I: IV hypertonic solution excess
V:Vitamin
A: Increase in Sodium intake
What are S/S of hypernatremia? - answer✔F: fever (low grade), flushed skin
R:restless (irritable)
I: increase fluid restriction and elevated BP
E: Edema (peripheral and pitting)
D: decrease urinary output, dry mouth
E: muscle twitching and irregular muscle contractions
L: skeletal muscles weakness, decrease or absent DTR
*extreme thirst
What are nursing interventions for hypernatremia? - answer✔M: monitor sodium intake and labs
A: alka seltzer, ASA, and cough preps shouldn't be administered
G: urine gravity monitored
I:I/O
C: cardiac monitoring
*reduce sodium and fluid intake, monitor electrolytes, if related to inadequate renal excretion of
Na prepare to administer diuretics that promote Na loss
What is the normal range for potassium? - answer✔3.5-5 mEq/L
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