NPS Exam Review Questions And Correct
Answers
What are the four critical life functions listed in order of priority? - answer1. Ventilation -
inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. ...
What are the four critical life functions listed in order of priority? - answer✔1. Ventilation -
inhale O2, exhale CO2
2. Oxygenation - getting O2 into the blood
3. Circulation - heart beating to move blood around to get O2 to all parts of body
4. Perfusion - blood pressure; pressures to perfuse tissue to deliver oxygen to body cells
What is the first step in patient assessment? - answer✔Check the chart
What would be the next steps in patient assessment? - answer✔History and Physical Exam and
check radiographs
Which of the four critical life functions are the first priority? - answer✔Ventilation
What is the definition of an emergency? - answer✔When one or more of the life functions are
being threatened.
What assessments would measure how well a patient is ventilating? - answer✔RR, breath
sounds, tidal volume, chest movement; vital signs
How would you know that a patient is having a problem with oxygenation? - answer✔HEART
RATE! This is the first thing to change if you're not oxygenating. Color, sensorium
How will you know if a patient is circulating? - answer✔what kind of pulse, capillary refill,
cardiac output
What is the main parameter to know if someone is perfusing? - answer✔blood pressure
What other ways can perfusion be measured? - answer✔temperature, sensorium, urine output
What is the most common life function problem? - answer✔oxygenation
What is the first drug given to everybody? - answer✔oxygen
What is the age of a fetus neonate, infant, child, adolescent? - answer✔Fetus = Before birth
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 1 month to 1 year
Child = 1 year to puberty
Adolescent = puberty to adult
What are the most important electrolytes and what is their function? - answer✔sodium, chloride,
potassium
What is the normal neonatal electrolyte value for sodium, chloride, and potassium? -
answer✔Sodium = 133-149 mEq/L
Chloride = 87-114 mEq/L
Potassium = 5.3-6.4 mEq/L
What is the normal urine output level for an infant? - answer✔2 mL/kg per hour
What values are included in the CBC and what are the normal values? - answer✔RBC = 4.1-5.7
mm3 WBC = 6,800-14,300 mm3 (neonates may have a higher normal WBC)
Hematocrit = 37.4-56.1%
Hemoglobin = 12.7-18.6
g/dL
low on RBC = low on hemoglobin = oxygenation affected
RBC x 3 = hemoglobin
Hemoglobin x 3 = hematocrit (know this)
What is the normal type of hemoglobin? - answer✔Hemoglobin A
What is a Coomb's test? - answer✔incomapatabilty; RH Factor; give Rogham
What is the normal value for bilirubin for a full term infant at birth? - answer✔4-5 mg/dL at birth
How is hyper bilirubin treated? - answer✔phototherapy
What is the normal glucose level for a term infant? - answer✔55-115 mg/dL
What is the most common cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn? - answer✔infection or sepsis
What are 3 causes of hypoglycemia in the newborn? - answer✔happens when mom is diabetic;
prematurity, hypothermia, shock, sepsis
What procedure is required to obtain fluid for L/S ratio measurement? - answer✔amniocentesis;
very invasive
What is the significance of an L/S Ratio of 1:1? - answer✔Anything less than
2:1 = not mature lungs = increased risk for RDS
How long does it take to get the results of the Shake Test? - answer✔15 minutes
What is the significance of the presence of bubbles in the Shake Test Fluid? - answer✔presence
of mature surfactant
What information is obtained from evaluation of PG and PC levels? - answer✔lung maturity
levels
PG is best and most reliable indicator of lung maturity
What factors in the maternal history would indicate a high risk pregnancy? - answer✔current age
- less than 16 or older than 40; prenatal care; smoking; caffeine; fetal alcohol syndrome;
nutrition; diabetes; how many previous live births
What size of babies will diabetic mothers deliver? - answer✔Big babies; they look full term, but
they aren't
What is the significance of a Group B Strep Infection in the mother? - answer✔Can pass right on
to baby during delivery. Baby will be in distress.
Define Para. - answer✔Number of pregnancies resulting in live birth
Occurs when mother has hypertension; mag sulfate is used to lower blood pressure, rest, diet, salt
restrictions
Why are C-sections done and why is the infant at greater risk with this type of delivery? -
answer✔If mom is high risk, General Anesthesia can cause fetal depression
What drugs are used to induce labor and when we would induce labor? - answer✔Pitocin or
oxytocin; used when mother has hypertension
What is the action of a tocolytic agent and what are the 2 most commonly used? -
answer✔Inhibits contractions
Describe the 4 different types of fetal presentations - answer✔Normal
Breech
Assisted Delivery
C-Section
Describe the 3 types of decelerations that can occur during fetal heart rate monitoring. -
answer✔Early or Normal
Late - HR decreases after contraction
Variable - no correlation between HR and contractions
What is maternal bleeding? - answer✔any vaginal bleeding after first trimester
What is PROM and what is it's affect on the neonate? - answer✔Rupture of amniotic sack prior
to 37 weeks gestation; infections
What are placental problems and what are the effects on the neonate? - answer✔Placenta previa -
low implantation of placenta
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