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CHRP Employment Law Exam preparation 2024 questions and answers.
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CHRP Employment Law Exam preparation2024 questions and answers
Labour qlaw q- q✔✔Labour qlaw qdeals qwith qunionized qemployees
Unionized qemployees qare qgoverned qby qa qcollective qagreement.
Employment qlaw q- q✔✔Employment qlaw qdeals qwith qnon-unionized qemployees
Non-unionized qemployees qrely qon qemployment, qcontracts qand qstatues.
Contract qgovern qemployee qinteraction qwith qthe qemployer q.
Levels qof qgovernment qin qCanada q- q✔✔Canada qis qa qfederal qstate. qWas qit qthree
qlevels qof qgovernment:
Federal, qprovincial, qand qmunicipal q.
-Municipalities qhave qno qjurisdiction qover qemployment, qalthough qthey qcan qpass
qbylaws qon qmatters qthat qaffect qthe qworkplace, qsuch qas qsmoking.
-The qfederal qgovernments qlegislative qauthority qwas qlimited qto qindustries qof qnational
qimportance, qsuch qas qbanks qand qinterprovincial qcommunications q.
The qfederal qgovernment qhas qauthority qover qonly qabout q10% qof qemployees qin
qCanada.
-provincial qemployment qlegislation qCovered qapproximately q90% qof qemployees qin
qCanada.
Key qOntario qemployment qstatues: q- q✔✔-the qemployment qstandard qact, q2000 qsets
qout qminimum qrights qand qstandards qfor qemployees, qincluding qminimum qwages,
qovertime, qhours qof qwork, qtermination, qand qseverance qpay, qand qnumerous qtimes
qof qleaves, qincluding qemergency, qpregnancy qand qparental qleave, qvacation, qand
qpublic qholidays.
-the qhuman qrights qcode qis qaimed qat qpreventing qand qRadding, qdiscrimination qand
qharassment qbased qon qspecified qprohibited qgrounds.
- qThe qlabour qrelations qact, q1995 qdeals qwith qthe qrights qof qemployees qto qunionized
qand qthe qcollective qbargaining qprocess.
- qOccupational qhealth qand qsafety qact q( qOHSA) qoutlines qthe qrequirements qand
qresponsibilities qof qparties qin qcreating qa qsafe qworkplace qand qpreventing qworkplace
qinjuries qand qaccidents, qand qmore qrecently qincludes qprovisions qrelated qto
qworkplace qviolence qand qharassment.
- qWorkplace qsafety qand qinsurance qact, q1997 q
,- qThe qPay qEquity qAct
- qThe qAccessibility qfor qOntarian's qw qDisabilities qAct, q2005.
Federal qemployment qstatues q- q✔✔Federal qemployment qlaw qcover qemployees qwho
qwork qfor qfederally qregulated qcompanies, qsuch qas qa qbank qairline qtelevision qradio
qstations, qpost qoffices qthat qare qat qforces qdepartments qand qagencies qof qthe qfederal
qgovernment qcrown, qcorporations, qand qcharter qbanks.
The qtwo qmain qfederal qemployment qstatues qare q:
- qthe qCanada qWhat? qlabour qcode, qwhich qcovers qemployment qstandards, qcollective
qbargaining, qand qhealth qand qsafety; qand
- qthe qCanadian qhuman qrights qact, qwhich qcovers qhuman qrights qand qpay qequity.
The qfollowing qtwo qfederal qstatues qdo qnot qhave qprovincial qcounterparts qin qOntario q:
-The qemployment qequity qact, qwhich qrequires qaffirmative qactions qinitiatives qfor
qvisible qminorities, qwomen, qpeople qwith qdisabilities, qand qaboriginal qpeople; qand
-the qpersonal qinformation qprotection qand qelectronic qdocument qact( qPIPEDA).
In qOntario qand qother qprovinces qwhere qthere qis qno qprovincial qlegislation qsimilar qto
qPIPEDA, qprovincially qregulated qemployers qmust qfollow qPIPEDA.
Federal qlaw qsupply qto qboth qfederally qand qprovincially qregulated qindustries:
- qThe qCanada qpension qplan, qwhich qprovides qqualify qemployees qwith qpension
qbenefits qon qretirement qand qpermanent qdisability; qand
- qthe qemployment qinsurance qact, qwhich qprovides qqualifying qemployees qwith qpartial
qincome qreplacement qduring qperiod qof qtemporary qand qemployment, qincluding
qcertain qleaves qmost qnotably, qpregnancy, qand qparental qleave. q- q✔✔
Constitutional qlaw: q
The qCanadian qcharter qof qrights qand qfreedoms q- q✔✔One qspecial qstatues qthat qthe
qfacts qand qpoor qlaw qin qCanada qis qCanadian qcharter qof qrights qand qfreedoms,
qwhich qwas qadopted qas qa qpart qof qthe qconstitution qin q1982.
The qcharter qdoes qnot qaddress qemployment qlaw qspecially q, qit qdoes qset qout
qguaranteed qrights qand qfreedoms qthat qcan qaffect qthe qworkplace qwhenever
qgovernment qaction qis qinvolved. qThey qinclude qfreedom qof qreligion, qassociation, qand
qexpression.; qdemocratic qrights; qmobility qrights; qlegal qrights, qand qequality qrights.
As qa qconstitutional qdocument, qthe qcharter qis qpart qof qthe q' qsupreme qlaw qof qthe
qland".
This qmeans qthat qother qstatues qmust qaccord qwith qits qprinciples q.
Equality qrights qprovision qguarantee qin qthe qcharter( qsection q15) q- q✔✔15(1) qevery
qindividual qis qequal qbefore qand qunder qthe qlaw qand qhas qa qright qto qthe qequal
,qprotection qand qequal qbenefit qof qthe qlaw qwithout qdiscrimination qand, qin qparticular,
qwithout qdiscrimination, qbased qon qthe qrace, qnational qor qethnic qorigin, qcolor,
qreligion, qsex, qage qor qmental qor qphysical qdisability.
Equality qrights qcase: qVriend qv qAlberta q(1998) q- q✔✔Facts: qVriend qwas qemployed
qas qa qlaboratory qcoordinator qby qChristian qcollagen qAlberta, qwhere qhe qconsistently
qreceived qpositive qevaluations qand qsalary qincreases. qHowever qshortly qafter qhe
qdiscuss qdisclosed qthat qhe qwas qgay, qthe qcollege qrequested qhis qresignation qand,
qwhen qhe qrefused, qhe qwas qterminated. qHe qattempted qto qfile qa qcomplaint qwith qthe
qAlberta qhuman qrights qcommission qand qwas qunsuccessful qbecause qthe qprovince
qhuman qrights qlegislation qdid qnot qinclude qsexual qorientation qas qa qprotected
qground. qVriend qfiled qthe qmotion qfor qdeclaratory qrelief qthat qthe qindividuals qrights
qprotection qact qof qAlberta qviolated qsection q15 qof qthe qcharter qdue qto qits qfailure qto
qinclude qthis qground. qThe qtrial qjudge qagreed, qbut qon qappeal qthat qdecision qwas
qoverturned. qVriend qsuccessfully qapplied qto qhave qhis qcase qheard qby qthe qsupreme
qcourt qof qCanada.
Issue: q. qAlberta, qhuman qrights qlegislation qviolated qsection q15 qof qthe qcharter qand
qwas qtherefore qunconstitutional.
Analyzing qcharter qchallenges: qA qTwo-Step qProcess: q- q✔✔1. qwhen qconsidering qa
qcharter qchallenge, qthe qfirst qstep qis qto qdecide qwhether qa qcharter qright qor
qprotection qhas qbeen qviolated..
2. qIf qa qcharter qride qprotection qhas qbeen qviolated, qthe qsecond qstep qis qto qdecide
qwhether qthat qviolation qis qjustifiable qon qthe qsection qone qas qa qreasonable qlimit qin
qa qfree qand qdemocratic qSociety.
The qrole qof qemployment qlaw q- q✔✔Employment qlaw qgoverns qthe qrelationship
qbetween qemployers qand qemployees
Employer qemployee qrelationship qdeveloped qas qa qresult qof qimbalance qof qpower
qbetween qthe qemployer qand qthe qemployee q.
Employment qlaw qensures qthat qthe qworkplace qis qboth qsafe qand qinclusive q.
Employment qlaw qfosters qa qsafe qworkplace qby qencouraging qcorporation qbetween
qemployers qand qthe qemployees q.
Sources qof qlaw q- q✔✔1. qCommon qlaw q
q- qlaw qmade qby qjudges, qrather qthan qlegislatures, qthat qis qusually qbased qon qthe
qprevious qdecisions qof qother qjudges.
q
2. qStatutory qlaw q
q- qLegislation qpassed qby qthe qgovernment.
3. qConstitutional qlaw q( qthe qCanadian qcharter qof qrights qand qfreedoms.)
Common qLaw qrules qof qdecision-making q- q✔✔English-speaking qCanada qinherited
qthe qcommon qlaw qsystem qfrom qthe qBritish qlegal qsystem, qwhere qit qevolved qall
qcenturies.
, Under qthe qcommon qlaw, qcases qsaw qdecided qby qjudges qon qthe qbasis qof
qprecedents.
Decisions qmade qby qhigher qcourts qare qbinding qall qlower qcourts qin qthe qsame
qjurisdiction, qif qthe qcircumstances qof qthe qcase qare qsimilar q. q
This qprincipal qis qcalled qstare qdecisis, qwhich qmeans qto q"stand qby qthings qdecided".
A qdecision qis qconsidered qpersuasive, qrather qthan qbinding qwhen qa qcourt qis
qpersuaded qto qfollow qa qpresident qfrom qanother qjurisdiction qor qfrom qlower qcourt,
qalthough qit qis qnot qbound qto qdo qso q.
Where qa qlower qcourt qdecides qnot qto qfollow qa qprevious qdecision qfrom qa qhigher
qcourt qin qthe qsame qjurisdiction qit qcalls qdistinguishable q. qIn qother qwords, qIt qfinds
qthat qthe qfacts qin qthe qprevious qcase, qare qso qdifferent qfrom qthose qof qthe qcurrent
qcase qthat qthe qlegal qprinciple qin qthe qprevious qdecision qshould qnot qapply.
Cause qof qaction q- q✔✔Occasionally, qthere qare qwatershed qcases qwhere qa qhigh
qcore qdecides qto qexpand qthe qboundaries qof qthe qprevious qruling qor qto qdepart
qentirely qfrom qa qline qof qcases qbecause, qfor qexample, qit qbelieves qthe qcases qno
qlonger qreflects qsocial qnorms qor qeconomic qrealities.
Branches qof qthe qcommon qlaw qthat qaffect qemployment q- q✔✔-Contract qlaw
qThe qcommon qlaw qof qcontract qis qfundamental qto qemployment qlaw, qbecause qthe
qleague qof qrelationship qbetween qan qemployer qand qnon-unionized qemployee qis
qcontractual.
An qemployer qand qprospective qemployee qnegotiate qthe qterms qand qconditions qof
qemployment qand, qsubject qto qlegislative qrequirements, qtheir qagreement qforms qthe
qbasis qof qtheir qemployment qrelationship q.
General qprinciples qof qcontract qlaw qdetermine qwhether qan qemployee qemployer
qrelationship qexists, qand qwhat qremedy qsupplied qto qa qbreach qof qthe qemployment
qagreement q.
-Tort qLaw
qTort qlaw qbranch qof qcivil qlaw( qnon-criminal) qbad qgovernance qwrong qfor qwhich
qillegal qremedy qis qavailable qindependent qof qany qcontractual qrelationship.
Award qis qwrong qfor qwhich qthere qis qa qlegal qremedy q. qTort qcall qwrongs qand
qdamages qthat qone qperson qcompany qcauses qto qanother, qindependent qof qany
qcontractual qrelationship qbetween qthem.. qtoward qcan qbe qeither qa qdeliberate qor qa
qnegligent qaction.
To qestablish qa qnegligent qtort, qthe qplaintiff qmust qshow qthat: q- q✔✔1. qThe qdefendant
qowed qthe qplaintiff qa qduty qof qcare q(illegal qobligation qto qtake qreasonable qcare qin
qthe qcircumstances);
2. qThe qdefendant qbreached qthat qduty qby qfalling qbelow qthe qstandard qof qcare
qrequired; qand
3. qThe qplaintiff qsuffered qfor qseeable qdamages qas qa qresult..
An qintentional qtoward qis qcommitted, qfor qexample, qwhen qan qemployer qdeliberately
qprovides qan qunfair qand qinaccurate qemployment qreference qfor qa qformer qemployee
q.
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