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Nutrition - Chapters 22 & 23 - Renal Disease, Cancer, & HIV Exam Questions and Answers
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Nutrition - Chapters 22 & 23 - Renal Disease, Cancer, & HIV Exam Questions and Answers
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Nutrition - Chapters 22 & 23 - RenalDisease, Cancer, & HIV Exam Questions
and Answers
Kidneys ii- iiAnswers ii-Two iibean-shaped iiorgans iithat iifilter iithe iiblood; iimake iiup iithe
iicentral iipart iiof iithe iiurinary iisystem; iiin iiadults iiare iiabout ii5 iiinches iilong, ii2.5 iiinches
iiwide, iiand iian iiinch iithick?
Renal iiartery iiand iivein ii- iiAnswers ii-What iitwo iiblood iivessels iienter iiand iiexit iithe
iikidneys?
Ureters ii- iiAnswers ii-Each iikidney iiweighs iiapproximately ii4-6 iiounces iiand iiis iiattached
iito iithe iibladder iiby iitwo iilong iitubes iicalled ii____.
Glomerulus ii- iiAnswers ii-The iilocation iiin iithe iinephrons iiof iithe iikidneys iiwhere iifiltration
iitake iiplace.
Bladder ii- iiAnswers ii-A iireservoir iiwhich iireceives iiurine iitransported iiby iithe iiureters.
Urethra ii- iiAnswers ii-Transports iiurine iioutside iithe iibody iifrom iithe iibladder.
50 iigallons ii- iiAnswers ii-Every iiday iihealthy iikidneys iifilter iiabout ii____ iiof iiblood
iithrough ii140 iimiles iiof iitubes iiand iinephrons.
Homeostasis ii- iiAnswers ii-Kidney iifunction iiis iiessential iito ii____, iithat iiis, iithe iibody's
iiability iito iimaintain iithe iiright iibalance iiof iifluid, iihormones, iielectrolytes iiand iiacid/base
iibalance.
Total iibody iiwater ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate iithe ii____ iifound iiin iiblood,
iiarteries, iiveins, iicapillaries, iiand iiinterstitial iispaces.
Metabolic iiwaste iiproducts ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate iiremoval iiof ii____
iiproduced iiby iifood iimetabolism iiand iicellular iimetabolism ii(as iiwell iias iimedications iiand
iitoxins iisuch iias iialcohol).
Electrolytes ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate ii____ iito iiensure iienough iiare
iiavailable iifor iithe iiworkings iiof iibody iicells, iinerve iistimulation, iimuscle iicontraction, iiand
iiblood iicoagulation ii(clotting).
, Acids iiand iibases ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate ii____ iiand iithus iithe iibody's
iimetabolic iipH iilevels iifor iivital iicellular iiactivities.
Blood iipressure ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate ii____ iiand iisecrete iirennin iiwhen
iithe iivolume iiof iifluid iiin iithe iiblood iivessels iideclines.
Red iiblood iicells ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate iithe iiproduction iiof iithe ii____
iithat iicarry iioxygen. iiThus, iiwhen iithe iikidneys iidetect iia iidecrease iiin iioxygen
iiconcentration iithey iisecrete iierythropoietin, iiwhich iiin iiturn iistimulates iithe iibone
iimarrow iito iimake iimore iiof iithem.
Vitamin iiD ii- iiAnswers ii-Healthy iikidneys iiregulate iithe iisynthesis iiof ii_____ iito iiits iiactive
iiform, iicalcitrol, iia iisubstance iinecessary iifor iithe iibody iito iiabsorb iicalcium.
Nephrotic iisyndrome ii- iiAnswers ii-This iiterms iidescribes iiany iikidney iidisorder iithat
iiresults iiin iiexcess iiprotein iiin iithe iiurine ii(proteinuria).
Plasma iiproteins ii- iiAnswers ii-Nephrotic iisyndrome iican iidevelop iiwhen iidamage iito iithe
iiglomerular iicapillaries iiincreases iitheir iipermeability iito ii____, iiallowing iiprotein iito
iiescape iiinto iithe iiurine.
Increased iirisk iiof iideveloping iiheart iidisease iiand iistroke ii- iiAnswers ii-Consequences
iiof iinephrotic iisyndrome iiinclude iiedema, ii____ ii(due iito iielevated iiLDL iiand iiVLDL
iilevels), iiloss iiof iiimmunoglobulin iiresulting iiin iiincreased iiinfections, iiand iiloss iiof
iivitamin-D iibinding iiprotein iiresulting iiin iipotential iirickets iiand iiosteomalacia.
Lipid-lowering ii- iiAnswers ii-The iimedications ii(along iiwith iimedical iinutrition iitherapy)
iiused iito iimanage iiNephrotic iisyndrome iiinclude iianti-inflammatory iiagents, iiACE
iiinhibitors, iiimmunosuppressants, iiantihypertensive iiagents, iidiuretics, iiand ii____
iimedications.
Triglycerides ii- iiAnswers ii-Providing iiexcessive iiamounts iiof iidietary iiprotein iiwill iiresult
iiin iistorage iiof iiamino iiacids iias ii____, iicausing iiincreased iinitrogen iiand iioverworking
iithe iikidneys.
Acute iiand iichronic ii- iiAnswers ii-The iitwo iitypes iiof iirenal iifailure: ii____.
Dialysis ii- iiAnswers ii-This iiis iithe iiprocess iiof ii"cleaning" iior iifiltering iithe iiblood iiby
iidiffusion iiand iican iibe iidone iiby iiHemodialysis ii(uses iia iidialyzer iito iifilter iithe iiblood) iior
iiPeritoneal iidialysis ii(uses iithe iibody's iiperitoneum iias iia iifilter).
Acute iirenal iifailure ii- iiAnswers ii-A iisudden iihalt iiin iikidney iifunction, iiusually iifor iia iifew
iidays iior iiweeks, iiwhich iimay iibe iireversible.
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