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LS15 UCLA FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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LS15 UCLA FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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LS15 UCLA FINAL EXAM STUDYGUIDEQUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
what is a big impediment to kindness (from a biological
perspective) Correct Answer freeloaders; you are very
vulnerable (from a fitness perspective) when you do
something kind for someone else. A cheater can take the
favor and run -> market share of cheater's genes
increases and market share of altruist's genes decreases.
effective altruists can remember cheaters
what are some design features we'd expect to see in the
human brain? what skills should we be good at? Correct
Answer 1. good at recognizing faces
2. good at keeping track of cheaters
3. voracious consumers of information
why are our brains so good at keeping track of social
information? Correct Answer our brains were built for a
world in which we encountered only a small number of
people and may have needed to remember all of them/use
all of them later.
what makes reciprocal altruism possible Correct Answer
humans recognize faces, keep track of
kindness/selfishness, and live for a long time
,in what ways can you enhance cooperation Correct
Answer tinker with the perceived costs and benefits:
1. reduce the perceived cost to the other person
2. accentuate the benefit that you'll receive from the
cooperation
3. facilitate the building of reputations
4. use honest signals that can't be fakes
5. keep track of and punish cheaters
6. make the first step; gifts (reduce the perceived
vulnerability of partner)
bees and ants example (altruism) Correct Answer haploid
(dad) and diploid (mom); get all of father's genes/only half
of mother's genes
mom-> daughter r = .5
female -> sister r= .75
naked mole rat example (altruism) Correct Answer queen
and non-reproductive workers
so much incest over hundreds of generations that r=1
what happens when r is really large Correct Answer
cooperation becomes extreme
fetus and mother example (cooperation) Correct Answer
fetus pumps out hormone (hPL) that dilates mother's blood
vessels which gives the fetus more food. the mother
increases insulin production which removes food from the
bloodstream. gestational diabetes occurs if mother can't
mount sufficient response to the fetus's manipulation
, give an example of how reciprocal altruism can reduce
conflict Correct Answer truces in WWI
punishment for violation is necessary
ultimatum game Correct Answer 1. see people make very
generous offers
2. some people turn down free money
how do our emotional responses play into reciprocal
altruism Correct Answer our emotional responses such as
justice and gratitude reflect reciprocal calculation and
ensure fair play
maladaptive behavior Correct Answer due to mismatch:
instincts lead us to follow "rules of thumb", but in today's
novel environment, it leads to a maladaptive outcome
what are the uses of DNA fingerprinting Correct Answer
solve unsolvable crimes
resolve paternity issues
can prove innocence of people unjustly convicted
immigration
how much difference is there in DNA between inividuals
Correct Answer on average, individuals differ in their DNA
sequence at 0.1% of their bases: 3 million differences out
of 3 billion base pairs
what are STR's?
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