Question 1
A nurse is assessing a patient with acute renal failure. Which laboratory result should the nurse prioritize for evaluation? A) Serum creatinine
B) Serum albumin
C) Blood glucose
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: A) Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a key indicator of renal funct...
NCLEX-Style Questions on Renal and Genitourinary Management
Question 1
A nurse is assessing a patient with acute renal failure. Which laboratory result should the nurse
prioritize for evaluation? A) Serum creatinine
B) Serum albumin
C) Blood glucose
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: A) Serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine is a key indicator of renal function and helps assess the degree of
renal failure.
Question 2
A patient with chronic kidney disease is scheduled for hemodialysis. What should the nurse
monitor immediately before the procedure? A) Blood pressure
B) Blood glucose
C) Serum potassium level
D) Urine output
Answer: C) Serum potassium level
Rationale: High serum potassium levels can lead to life-threatening complications during
dialysis; monitoring is crucial before the procedure.
Question 3
Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a patient with end-stage renal disease
(ESRD)? A) High-protein diet
B) Low-sodium diet
C) High-carbohydrate diet
D) High-potassium diet
Answer: B) Low-sodium diet
Rationale: Patients with ESRD need to limit sodium to help control blood pressure and reduce
fluid retention.
Question 4
,A patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis reports abdominal pain. What should the nurse do first?
A) Document the patient's complaint
B) Administer pain medication
C) Assess the patient's abdomen
D) Notify the healthcare provider
Answer: C) Assess the patient's abdomen
Rationale: It is crucial to assess the abdomen for possible complications such as infection or
leakage before taking further action.
Question 5
Which of the following assessments is most indicative of fluid overload in a patient with kidney
dysfunction? A) Weight gain
B) Increased urine output
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Decreased blood pressure
Answer: A) Weight gain
Rationale: Weight gain is a reliable indicator of fluid retention in patients with kidney
dysfunction.
Question 6
A patient presents with flank pain and hematuria. Which condition should the nurse suspect? A)
Urinary tract infection
B) Kidney stones
C) Renal failure
D) Bladder cancer
Answer: B) Kidney stones
Rationale: Flank pain and hematuria are classic signs of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).
Question 7
When teaching a patient about urinary incontinence, which statement by the patient indicates a
need for further teaching? A) "I should do pelvic floor exercises."
B) "I can drink more fluids to help."
C) "I should avoid caffeine."
D) "I can use bladder training techniques."
, Answer: B) "I can drink more fluids to help."
Rationale: While hydration is important, excessive fluid intake can exacerbate urinary
incontinence.
Question 8
A nurse is caring for a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. What is a priority nursing diagnosis
for this patient? A) Risk for infection
B) Excess fluid volume
C) Ineffective breathing pattern
D) Impaired skin integrity
Answer: B) Excess fluid volume
Rationale: Fluid retention is a primary concern in glomerulonephritis due to decreased
glomerular filtration rate.
Question 9
A patient with a history of diabetes presents with a foot ulcer. Which is the priority intervention?
A) Administer insulin
B) Perform wound care
C) Assess the patient's blood glucose level
D) Teach the patient about foot care
Answer: C) Assess the patient's blood glucose level
Rationale: Controlling blood glucose levels is critical to prevent further complications in
diabetic patients.
Question 10
Which symptom is most commonly associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) in older
adults? A) Fever
B) Flank pain
C) Confusion
D) Dysuria
Answer: C) Confusion
Rationale: Older adults may present with atypical symptoms like confusion rather than classic
UTI symptoms.
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