100 Anatomy concepts full || QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
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Course
Anatomy
Institution
Anatomy
1. What is a lumbar puncture used for? correct answers - needle inserted into subarachnoid space
→ extract CSF (spinal tap)
→ inject anesthetic (spinal block)
→ inject contrast material.
1. Where is the needle inserted in lumbar puncture? correct answers - between L3/L4 (or L4/L5)
-...
100 Anatomy concepts full || QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
1. What is a lumbar puncture used for? correct answers - needle inserted into subarachnoid
space
→ extract CSF (spinal tap)
→ inject anesthetic (spinal block)
→ inject contrast material.
1. Where is the needle inserted in lumbar puncture? correct answers - between L3/L4 (or
L4/L5)
- at level of horizontal line thru upper points of iliac crest
1. What considerations must be taken in a lumbar puncture? correct answers - spinal cord
may end as low as L2 in adults, L3 in children, so go below that
- check for high intracranial pressure, b/c may herniate cerebellar tonsils thru foramen
magnum
2. Where does a herniated intervertebral (IV) disc usually occur? correct answers - in lumbar
(L4/L5/S1) or cervical (C5/C6/C7) regions
- us. in younger than age 50
2. What can cause a herniated IV disc? correct answers - may follow degenerative changes in
anulus fibrosus
- from sudden compression of nucleus pulposus (inner fluid part)
2. What nerves do herniated IV discs usually involve? correct answers - us. nerve root 1
number below (traversing root)
- e.g. L4/L5 herniation will compress L5 root
3. What is kyphosis & what may cause it? correct answers - exaggerated thoracic curvature
- in elderly from *osteoporosis*
- compression fractures of vert. bodies
- disk degeneration
3. What is lordosis & what may cause it? correct answers - exaggerated lumbar curvature
- may be temporary
- from *spondylolisthesis*, pregnancy, or potbelly
3. What is scoliosis & what may cause it? correct answers - lateral deviation/torsion of spine
- from poliomyelitis, hip disease, or leg-length discrepancy
4. What 4 nerves (& 3 arteries) can be damaged from different humerus fractures? correct
answers - at surgical neck: axillary N., post. humeral circumflex A.
- at midshaft: radial N., profunda brachii A.
- at supracondylar region: median N., brachial A.
- at medial epicondyle: ulnar N.
,4. What is the most common fracture of the forearm, & different variations of it? correct
answers - transverse fracture w/in distal 2 cm of radius (most common after 50)
- includes Smith's (flexion) fracture & Colles' (extension) fracture
4. What is a Smith's fracture, & what causes it? correct answers - from fall on dorsal aspect of
flexed wrist
→ ventral angulation of wrist
→ distal fragment is ant'ly displaced
4. What is a Colles' fracture, & what causes it? correct answers - from forced extension of
hand by fall
- distal fragment is dorsally displaced
- ulnar styloid process is often avulsed
= "dinner fork deformity"
4. What are the causes & signs of a scaphoid fracture? correct answers - from fall onto palm
of outstretched hand
- most pain on lat. side of wrist, in extension & abduction
- deep tenderness in anatomical snuffbox
- may not show on X-ray for 3 wks
- can have avascular necrosis of proximal fragment
4. What are boxer's fractures, and where are they commonly found? correct answers -
fractured necks of metacarpal bones from fistfights
- us. 2nd & 3rd metacarpals in professional boxers
- 5th & 4th in unskilled fighters
5. What are the rotator cuff muscles? correct answers SITS:
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
5. What do the rotator cuff muscles do? correct answers - support shoulder joint by forming
musculotendinous cuff around it
- reinforced joint all sides except inf'ly
→ inf. dislocation is most likely
6. What muscles are needed for upper limb abduction? What nerves supply them? correct
answers - 0-15°: supraspinatus (suprascapular N.)
- 15-110°: deltoid (axillary N.)
-110-180°: trapezius (accessory N.) & serratus anterior (long thoracic N.)
6. What is subacromial bursitis, & what causes it? correct answers - inflammation of
subacromial bursa
- from calcific supraspinatus tendinitis
- causes painful arc of abduction
7. What is golfer's elbow? correct answers - medial epicondylitis
- inflammation of common flexor tendon of wrist at medial epicondyle of humerus
, 7. What is tennis elbow? What are the causes & symptoms? correct answers - lateral
epicondylitis
- inflammation of common extensor tendon & periosteum of lat. epicondyle
- from repeated forceful flexion & extension
- pain radiates down post. aspect of forearm
8. What anastomoses allow collateral circulation when subclavian or axillary A's are
blocked? correct answers - anastomoses b/w br's of thyrocervical trunk & subscapular A's:
-- transverse cervical
-- suprascapular
-- subscapular
-- circumflex scapular
9. What are the contents of the cubital fossa, from lateral to medial? correct answers - biceps
brachii tendon
- brachial A.
- median N.
*subcutaneous*:
- cephalic V.
- median cubital V.
-basilic V.
9. What is usually the site of venipuncture? Why? correct answers - median cubital V.:
- overlies bicipital aponeurosis, so deeper structures are protected
- not accompanied by nerves
10. What causes carpal tunnel syndrome? What nerve is involved? correct answers - from
lesion that decreases size of carpal tunnel (lunate bone dislocation, infection)
→ affects median N., most sensitive structure in carpal tunnel
10. What are the clinical manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome? correct answers -
anesthesia/parasthesia of lat. 3.5 digits
- palm sensation *not* affected b/c superficial palmar cutaneous br. passes superficial to
carpal tunnel
- apehand deformity (lack of opposition)
11. What muscles flex the interphalangeal joints? correct answers - proximal IP joints: flexor
digitorum superficialis (FDS)
- distal IP joints: flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)
12. What causes upper brachial palsy? correct answers - injury of upper roots & trunks
- us. from excessive increase of neck & shoulder angle, stretching or tearing sup. part of
plexus (C5 & C6 roots)
- maybe birth injury from pulling on head during delivery
12. What are the clinical manifestations of upper brachial (Erb-Duchenne) palsy? correct
answers - paralysis of shoulder/arm M's supplied by C5 & C6 roots
→ axillary, suprascapular, & musculocutaneous N's
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