Exam (elaborations)
BLOOD PRESSURE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BLOOD PRESSURE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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Blood pressure - ANSWER arterial blood pressure is a measure of thepressure exerted by the blood as it passes through the arteries.
Blood moves in waves causing two pressures: - ANSWER Systolic and
Diastolic
Systolic - ANSWER pressure of the blood as a result of the contraction
of the ventricles; the pressure at the height of the blood wave. Maximum
pressure on arterial walls.
Diastolic - ANSWER pressure when ventricles are at rest ; it is present at
all times within the arteries. Least amount of pressure on the arterial
walls.
Pulse pressure - ANSWER the difference between the systolic and
diastolic pressures (30 - 50 considered normal).
Hypertension - ANSWER abnormally high blood pressure - 140 mm of
mercury and above = systolic or 90 mm and above =diastolic confirmed
by 2 consecutive doctor visits.
Hypotension - ANSWER abnormally low blood pressure; systolic less
than 100
Orthostatic hypotension - ANSWER low BP when rising to an upward
position after sitting or laying down for long time
Factors affecting blood pressure: - ANSWER 1. Age
2. Exercise
3. Stress
4. Race
5. Obesity
6. Sex
, 7. Medications
8. Diurnal variations
9. Disease process
1. Age - ANSWER a. Newborn - has new means of 36-40 systolic
b. Child - increase c age average 80 +2x the child age in years
c. Elderly - decrease elasticity, rigid arteries = increase systolic reading
2. Exercise - ANSWER increase cardiac output increase BP. when
assessing allow 20-30 min before assessing
3. Stress - ANSWER sympathic nervous system is stimulated= increase
cardiac output and basal constricting of arteries= increase BP
4. Race - ANSWER African american males older than 35 have increase
BP than Caucasian males at the same age
5. Obesity - ANSWER consistently high due to being over weight
6. Sex - ANSWER after puberty females= decrease BP than males after
menopause women have increase BP
7. Medications - ANSWER many increase or decrease BP. nurse need
to be aware of meds and side effects
8. Diurnal variations - ANSWER usually decrease in early am when BP
is lowest. rises throughout day. peaks late PM and early evening
9. Disease process - ANSWER conditions affect cardiac output blood
viscosity and/or compliance
Physiology of blood pressure - ANSWER Arterial blood pressure = CO x
the resistance the blood encounters as it flows (peripheral vascular
resistance).
1.Blood pressure is directly affected by blood volume.
2.The human body contains 5 (4-6) liters of blood. 80 - 90% is in
systemic circulation, 10 - 20% is in pulmonary circulation.
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