Exam (elaborations)
AP CSP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED
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AP CSP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED...
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Algorithm: ANSWER A detailed set of instructions for processes that can becoded in a programming language and run by a computer.
Control Structure - One or more programming language statements that direct
the course of a computer program. Examples include the If/Else statement and
loop structures.
A computer is a machine that processes data under the control of a program.
A program is a set of instructions that controls a computer. To run, it must be
loaded into the computer's memory, where the CPU executes each instruction
one by one.
Hardware refers to the computer's electronic and mechanical components.
Software refers to the programs that control computers.
A general purpose computer can execute a variety of programs (for example, a
smartphone).
ANSWER A computer with a fixed program (e.g., a calculator, a watch, a car's
brakes).
Memory is a physical device that stores information for use in a computer or
other digital electronic device (e.g., disk drive, flash drive).
RAM - ANSWER Random Access Memory, commonly known as main
memory, temporarily stores the computer's applications and data when it is
powered on.
CPU - Answer The central processing unit is the hardware that executes a
computer program's instructions. It is comprised of three major components: the
, control unit (CU), arithmetic, and register. The CU processes program
instructions, the ALU (arithmetic logic unit) conducts arithmetic and logic
operations, and the register stores intermediate data while the program runs.
Input devices, such as the mouse and keyboard, bring data and programs into
the computer.
Output devices - ANSWER transfer data to other computers for users (e.g.
printer, display, speaker).
Motherboard - ANSWER contains the computer's major electronic components.
Chips are relatively small integrated circuits that make up the electrical
components of computers.
Integrated circuit is packed with millions of electronic components.
Bit - ANSWER a binary number, the smallest unit of data, either a 1 or 0.
Byte - ANSWER is equivalent to eight bits.
High-level language - ANSWER a human-readable programming language (app
creator) that offers the programmer with simple abstractions.
Machine language (or low-level language) - ANSWER a programming
language that is machine readable (binary code), closer to the machine
hardware, and has abstractions that are difficult for the programmer to
comprehend.
A compiler is software that converts human-readable source code into binary
code.
Applications - A program or set of programs designed for end users, such as
Firefox, Excel, and Word.
ANSWER An operating system is a collection of computer software that
manages hardware resources and delivers common functions to computer
programs. Examples include macOS, windows, android, linux, and iOS.
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