Brucellosis def correct answers Brucellosis is a contagious, costly infectious disease of livestock animals caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. It is transmitted to humans from animals such as cattle, swine, and goats.
It is characterized in humans by producing severe intermittent feve...
Brucellosis || with 100% Verified Solutions.
Brucellosis def correct answers Brucellosis is a contagious, costly infectious disease of livestock
animals caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. It is transmitted to humans from animals
such as cattle, swine, and goats.
It is characterized in humans by producing severe intermittent fever.
Important cause of abortion in livestock. Produces necrotizing placentitis (inflammation and then
no flow of nutrients from mother to fetus)
Brucellosis: Etiology correct answers Genus: Brucella
Specis:
1. Brucella abortus (in cattle and bison--bovines--the most prevalent in human infections)
2. B. melitensis (sheep and goats--the most pathogenic and virulent in humans--most likely to
have mortality)
Cultured under microanaerobic conditions (i.e. requires lower levels of oxygen than present in
the environment)--this affects what diagnosticd test you can run. Also important for preservation
of the sample.
Brucellosis: Etiology--susceptibility and resistance correct answers Susceptibility
1. Dessication and solar light
2. Common disinfectants
3. Non-spore forming bacteria
Resistance
1. Can survive long period of time on manure, fetus, and contaminated water or wet soil
2. May remain viable in refrigerated milk and pickled products
Brucellosis: Etiology--Intracellular correct answers Brucellas species are intracellular bacteria--
V. Important!
--affects how you collect the sample
--affects how difficult it is to eliminate by immune system
--affects treatment, not easy to get antibiotics to the bacteria. Takes several weeks or months
Epidemiology: Distribution correct answers Can be found worldwide (although several countries
have eradicated)
Human Brucellosis is not very common in the US: 50 to 100 cases per year
--most are imported cases from abroad
Epidemiology: Susceptible hosts correct answers Cattle, bison, sheep, goats, deer, elk, pigs,
dogs, and several other animals.
, Humans are susceptible, especially to B. melitensis
(least susceptible to B. ovis and B. canis)
Epidemiology: Reservoirs correct answers Infected livestock, dogs, and wild animals
--able to maintain the infection for their lifetime
Epidemiology: cases in US correct answers High number of cases in MT, ID, WY and TX.
--TX from Mexico
--other states near Yellowstone, Bison!
--don't want to shoot animal on the edge of extinction
--Now has moved to the Elk in Yellowstone, more of a problem, don't gather as a herd, difficult
to cull or treat
Highest number of cases: California, Florida, Texas
(Ohio has only 1-2 imported cases per year)
61.5% Hispanic
Epidemiology: Hispanic connection correct answers Consuming "fresh cheese" from Latin
America (central)
--unpasteurized, fresh from farm to market, cheap
Mode of transmission: 3 ways correct answers 1. Direct contact or exposure to infected animals
2. Indirect contact or exposure to contaminated meat or dairy products
3. Inhalation of aerosols in lab setting
Mode of transmission: Direct contact correct answers 1. Direct contact or exposure to infected
animals
--contaminated secretions or excretions and products of conception***
--the animal carcasses
--direct person-to-person spread of brucellosis is extremely rare: sexual and breast-feeding
transmission has been reported
The bacteria will enter the body through skin wounds.
--only need a few thousand Brucella to get infected--in one drop of fluid there are billions
Mode of transmission: Indirect contact correct answers Indirect contact or exposure to
contaminated meat or dairy products
--Eating or drinking contaminated meat and dairy products.
ex. unpasteurized milk products such as cheeses, sometimes called "village cheeses" (important
risk for tourists)
Milk can come from infected cows, sheep, goats, or camels.
Risk factors: correct answers In the US, Brucellosis has become a foodborne disease associated
with eating or drinking contaminated milk products.
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