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Prehospital Emergency Care, 12th Edition by Joseph J. Mistovich Keith J Karren Brent Q. Hafen
Chapter 1-44
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 19, feel free toask!Chapter 20Chapter
20of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Anatomy and Growth," typically covers theinternal structure, tissues, growth processes, and
adaptationsofplants. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlant Anatomy**:Overviewofplant anatomy as thestudyofinternal structures and
tissuesofplants.**Plant Cells and Tissues**:Structure and functionsofplant cells and tissues:**Cell Types**: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, epidermis, and
guard cells.**Tissue Systems**: Dermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue.**Root Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofroots:**Root Anatomy**: Root hairs,
root cap, cortex, and vascular cylinder (stele).**Functions**: Absorptionofwater and minerals, anchorage, and storage.**Stem Structure and Function**:Morphology and
functionsofstems:**Stem Anatomy**: Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles (xylem and phloem), and pith.**Functions**: Support, transportofwater and nutrients, and storage.**Leaf
Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofleaves:**Leaf Anatomy**: Epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and spongy layers), stomata, and vascular bundles.**Functions**:
Photosynthesis, gas exchange (transpiration and respiration), and storage.**Plant Growth and Development**:Processesofplant growth:**Meristems**: Apical, lateral (vascular and cork
cambium), and intercalary meristems.**Primary Growth**: Lengtheningofroots and shoots.**Secondary Growth**: Thickeningofstems and roots due tovascular and cork cambium
activity.**Plant Hormones**:Roleofplant hormonesingrowth and development:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance, phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation
and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant
Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:Plant adaptations and responses toenvironmental factors:**Photoperiodism**: Flowering responses today length.**Tropisms**: Growth responses
tolight (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and touch (thigmotropism).**Plant Movements**: Nastic movements and responses toenvironmental cues.**Plant Adaptations
toEnvironmental Stress**:Adaptationsofplants toextreme environmental conditions:**Water Conservation**: Adaptationsindesert plants (e.g., succulence, CAM photosynthesis).**Cold
and Heat Tolerance**: Adaptationsinpolar and desert plants.**Salt Tolerance**: Adaptationsinhalophytes.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey
concepts related toplant anatomy and growth, reinforcing understandingofplant structures, functions, growth processes, and adaptations.Chapter 20 providesacomprehensive
explorationofplant anatomy and growth, highlighting thestructural diversity, physiological adaptations, and growth mechanisms that enable plants tothriveindiverse environments. It
prepares students forfurther exploration into plant physiology, ecology, and agriculture coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics
or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 20, feel free toask!Chapter 21Chapter 21of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht,
titled "Plant Responses and Reproduction," typically covers how plants respond toenvironmental stimuli and thevarious mechanismsofplant reproduction. Here’s an overviewofwhat you
might findinthis chapter:**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:**Photoperiodism**: Plant responses today length, influencing flowering and other developmental
processes.**Tropisms**: Directional growth responses toenvironmental stimuli:**Phototropism**: Growth towards or away from light.**Gravitropism**: Growth response
togravity.**Thigmotropism**: Growth response totouch.**Plant Movements**: Nastic movementsinresponse toenvironmental cues (e.g., leaf movementsinMimosa pudica).**Plant
Reproduction**:**Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)**:**Flower Structure**: Partsoftheflower (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels).**Pollination**: Transferofpollen from anther
tostigma.**Fertilization**: Fusionofmale gamete (pollen) with female gamete (egg) toformazygote.**Seed Development**: Formationofseed from fertilized ovule.**Fruit Formation**:
Developmentoffruit from mature ovary.**Seed Dispersal**: Mechanisms fordispersing seeds away from theparent plant (e.g., wind
Chapter 1 Emergency Medical Service Systems, Research, and Public Health
1) What is a primary purpose of the modern-day EMS system?
A) Provide a means of transport to and from the hospital
B) Ensure that all members of society have equal access to hospitals
C) Decrease the incidence of death and disability related to injury and illness
D) Provide emergency health care services to medically underserved areas
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 2
Objective: 1-2
2) Most authorities agree that the modern-day EMS system evolved after the release of which
document?
A) The Emergency Medical Services Act of 1973
B) The white paper "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society,"
in 1966
C) The American Heart Association's Guidelines for Cardiac Resuscitation
D) Emergency Medical Services: Agenda for the Future, in 1996
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 2
Objective: 1-2
3) An Emergency Medical Responder comes to you and states that they would like to work for
your emergency ambulance service on a full-time basis. Knowing the National EMS Scope of
Practice Model, you inform them of which element they need to attain first?
A) They will be able to take care of only patients with non-life-threatening complaints.
B) They will first need approval from your ambulance service's medical director.
C) They will be able to work only with an Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) or
Paramedic.
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, D) They will first have to become an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT).
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3
Objective: 1-1
4) As defined by the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, the four levels of EMS practitioners
include:
A) Ambulance drivers.
B) EMS medical director.
C) Paramedics.
D) Emergency medical dispatchers.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6
Objective: 1-3
5) An Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) approaches you and states that they are interested in
becoming an EMT. Specifically, they ask what they will be able to do as an EMT that they cannot
presently do as an EMR. You respond by saying they will be able to:
A) Administer some medications.
B) Assist in emergency childbirth.
C) Use an automated external defibrillator.
D) Obtain vital signs.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5-6
Objective: 1-5
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 19, feel free toask!Chapter 20Chapter
20of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Anatomy and Growth," typically covers theinternal structure, tissues, growth processes, and adaptationsofplants.
Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlant Anatomy**:Overviewofplant anatomy as thestudyofinternal structures and tissuesofplants.**Plant Cells and
Tissues**:Structure and functionsofplant cells and tissues:**Cell Types**: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, epidermis, and guard cells.**Tissue Systems**: Dermal tissue,
ground tissue, and vascular tissue.**Root Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofroots:**Root Anatomy**: Root hairs, root cap, cortex, and vascular cylinder (stele).**Functions**:
Absorptionofwater and minerals, anchorage, and storage.**Stem Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofstems:**Stem Anatomy**: Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles (xylem and
phloem), and pith.**Functions**: Support, transportofwater and nutrients, and storage.**Leaf Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofleaves:**Leaf Anatomy**: Epidermis, mesophyll
(palisade and spongy layers), stomata, and vascular bundles.**Functions**: Photosynthesis, gas exchange (transpiration and respiration), and storage.**Plant Growth and
Development**:Processesofplant growth:**Meristems**: Apical, lateral (vascular and cork cambium), and intercalary meristems.**Primary Growth**: Lengtheningofroots and shoots.**Secondary
Growth**: Thickeningofstems and roots due tovascular and cork cambium activity.**Plant Hormones**:Roleofplant hormonesingrowth and development:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance,
phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic
Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:Plant adaptations and responses toenvironmental factors:**Photoperiodism**: Flowering responses today
length.**Tropisms**: Growth responses tolight (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and touch (thigmotropism).**Plant Movements**: Nastic movements and responses toenvironmental cues.**Plant
Adaptations toEnvironmental Stress**:Adaptationsofplants toextreme environmental conditions:**Water Conservation**: Adaptationsindesert plants (e.g., succulence, CAM photosynthesis).**Cold and
Heat Tolerance**: Adaptationsinpolar and desert plants.**Salt Tolerance**: Adaptationsinhalophytes.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related
toplant anatomy and growth, reinforcing understandingofplant structures, functions, growth processes, and adaptations.Chapter 20 providesacomprehensive explorationofplant anatomy and growth,
highlighting thestructural diversity, physiological adaptations, and growth mechanisms that enable plants tothriveindiverse environments. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant
physiology, ecology, and agriculture coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular
aspectofChapter 20, feel free toask!Chapter 21Chapter 21of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Responses and Reproduction," typically covers how plants
respond toenvironmental stimuli and thevarious mechanismsofplant reproduction. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Plant Responses toEnvironmental
Stimuli**:**Photoperiodism**: Plant responses today length, influencing flowering and other developmental processes.**Tropisms**: Directional growth responses toenvironmental
stimuli:**Phototropism**: Growth towards or away from light.**Gravitropism**: Growth response togravity.**Thigmotropism**: Growth response totouch.**Plant Movements**: Nastic
movementsinresponse toenvironmental cues (e.g., leaf movementsinMimosa pudica).**Plant Reproduction**:**Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)**:**Flower Structure**: Partsoftheflower (sepals,
petals, stamens, carpels).**Pollination**: Transferofpollen from anther tostigma.**Fertilization**: Fusionofmale gamete (pollen) with female gamete (egg) toformazygote.**Seed Development**:
Formationofseed from fertilized ovule.**Fruit Formation**: Developmentoffruit from mature ovary.**Seed Dispersal**: Mechanisms fordispersing seeds away from theparent plant (e.g., wind
6) You have been dispatched for a 61-year-old female in cardiac arrest. Emergency Medical
Responders (EMRs) are on the scene. In your community, all EMS practitioners are trained
according to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model. Given this, which type of care do you
expect the EMRs to be providing?
A) Emergency medication administration
B) Automated external defibrillation
C) Intravenous therapy
D) Reading an electrocardiogram
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5-6
Objective: 1-5
2
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, 7) An EMT with your service states that they desire to become a Paramedic because they want to
provide advanced care. Under the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, which one of these
types of care will they be able to provide as a Paramedic that they cannot provide as an EMT?
A) Use of an automated blood pressure monitoring
B) Assistance with emergency childbirth
C) Providing interfacility transports
D) Initiating intravenous (IV) therapy
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6
Objective: 1-5
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 19, feel free toask!Chapter 20Chapter
20of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Anatomy and Growth," typically covers theinternal structure, tissues, growth processes, and adaptationsofplants.
Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlant Anatomy**:Overviewofplant anatomy as thestudyofinternal structures and tissuesofplants.**Plant Cells and
Tissues**:Structure and functionsofplant cells and tissues:**Cell Types**: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, epidermis, and guard cells.**Tissue Systems**: Dermal tissue,
ground tissue, and vascular tissue.**Root Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofroots:**Root Anatomy**: Root hairs, root cap, cortex, and vascular cylinder (stele).**Functions**:
Absorptionofwater and minerals, anchorage, and storage.**Stem Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofstems:**Stem Anatomy**: Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles (xylem and
phloem), and pith.**Functions**: Support, transportofwater and nutrients, and storage.**Leaf Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofleaves:**Leaf Anatomy**: Epidermis, mesophyll
(palisade and spongy layers), stomata, and vascular bundles.**Functions**: Photosynthesis, gas exchange (transpiration and respiration), and storage.**Plant Growth and
Development**:Processesofplant growth:**Meristems**: Apical, lateral (vascular and cork cambium), and intercalary meristems.**Primary Growth**: Lengtheningofroots and shoots.**Secondary
Growth**: Thickeningofstems and roots due tovascular and cork cambium activity.**Plant Hormones**:Roleofplant hormonesingrowth and development:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance,
phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic
Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:Plant adaptations and responses toenvironmental factors:**Photoperiodism**: Flowering responses today
length.**Tropisms**: Growth responses tolight (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and touch (thigmotropism).**Plant Movements**: Nastic movements and responses toenvironmental cues.**Plant
Adaptations toEnvironmental Stress**:Adaptationsofplants toextreme environmental conditions:**Water Conservation**: Adaptationsindesert plants (e.g., succulence, CAM photosynthesis).**Cold and
Heat Tolerance**: Adaptationsinpolar and desert plants.**Salt Tolerance**: Adaptationsinhalophytes.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related
toplant anatomy and growth, reinforcing understandingofplant structures, functions, growth processes, and adaptations.Chapter 20 providesacomprehensive explorationofplant anatomy and growth,
highlighting thestructural diversity, physiological adaptations, and growth mechanisms that enable plants tothriveindiverse environments. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant
physiology, ecology, and agriculture coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular
aspectofChapter 20, feel free toask!Chapter 21Chapter 21of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Responses and Reproduction," typically covers how plants
respond toenvironmental stimuli and thevarious mechanismsofplant reproduction. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Plant Responses toEnvironmental
Stimuli**:**Photoperiodism**: Plant responses today length, influencing flowering and other developmental processes.**Tropisms**: Directional growth responses toenvironmental
stimuli:**Phototropism**: Growth towards or away from light.**Gravitropism**: Growth response togravity.**Thigmotropism**: Growth response totouch.**Plant Movements**: Nastic
movementsinresponse toenvironmental cues (e.g., leaf movementsinMimosa pudica).**Plant Reproduction**:**Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)**:**Flower Structure**: Partsoftheflower (sepals,
petals, stamens, carpels).**Pollination**: Transferofpollen from anther tostigma.**Fertilization**: Fusionofmale gamete (pollen) with female gamete (egg) toformazygote.**Seed Development**:
Formationofseed from fertilized ovule.**Fruit Formation**: Developmentoffruit from mature ovary.**Seed Dispersal**: Mechanisms fordispersing seeds away from theparent plant (e.g., wind
8) Which statement made by an EMT requires immediate intervention by a superior or the service
supervisor?
A) "I always wear my seat belt whenever I am in the patient compartment of the ambulance, unless
I have to remove it to care for a patient."
B) "I drive as fast as I can to get to the scene of an emergency, especially if a child is sick or injured
according to dispatch information."
C) "When I am driving with lights and sirens, I instruct my partner that he will need to handle all
radio communications."
D) "I put exam gloves on for every patient I contact, even if he or she does not have a known or
suspected infectious disease."
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
Objective: 1-7
9) Which statement shows that the EMT has a good understanding of their role and responsibilities
related to being an EMT?
A) "The patient's needs come before anyone else's needs."
B) "At the scene of an emergency, my responsibility is to get to the patient no matter what."
C) "My safety comes first, and then the patient's safety."
D) "As an EMT, I recognize that the public's safety comes before the safety of me or my partner."
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
Objective: 1-7
10) An ambulance with two EMTs arrives in front of a house for an unknown medical emergency.
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, On scene, bystanders report that a female patient was beaten by her husband in the driveway and
then dragged back into the house. They state that the patient appeared unconscious and was
bleeding from the head. Which action would the EMTs perform next?
A) Do not enter the scene until it has been controlled by law enforcement.
B) Quietly enter the home and quickly move the patient to the ambulance.
C) Remove the husband from the house, then provide emergency care to the wife.
D) Enter the home to protect the patient while waiting for the police to arrive.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8
Objective: 1-7
chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular aspectofChapter 19, feel free toask!Chapter 20Chapter
20of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Anatomy and Growth," typically covers theinternal structure, tissues, growth processes, and adaptationsofplants.
Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Introduction toPlant Anatomy**:Overviewofplant anatomy as thestudyofinternal structures and tissuesofplants.**Plant Cells and
Tissues**:Structure and functionsofplant cells and tissues:**Cell Types**: Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, epidermis, and guard cells.**Tissue Systems**: Dermal tissue,
ground tissue, and vascular tissue.**Root Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofroots:**Root Anatomy**: Root hairs, root cap, cortex, and vascular cylinder (stele).**Functions**:
Absorptionofwater and minerals, anchorage, and storage.**Stem Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofstems:**Stem Anatomy**: Epidermis, cortex, vascular bundles (xylem and
phloem), and pith.**Functions**: Support, transportofwater and nutrients, and storage.**Leaf Structure and Function**:Morphology and functionsofleaves:**Leaf Anatomy**: Epidermis, mesophyll
(palisade and spongy layers), stomata, and vascular bundles.**Functions**: Photosynthesis, gas exchange (transpiration and respiration), and storage.**Plant Growth and
Development**:Processesofplant growth:**Meristems**: Apical, lateral (vascular and cork cambium), and intercalary meristems.**Primary Growth**: Lengtheningofroots and shoots.**Secondary
Growth**: Thickeningofstems and roots due tovascular and cork cambium activity.**Plant Hormones**:Roleofplant hormonesingrowth and development:**Auxins**: Roleinapical dominance,
phototropism, and root growth.**Gibberellins**: Stem elongation and seed germination.**Cytokinins**: Cell division and lateral bud growth.**Ethylene**: Fruit ripening and senescence.**Abscisic
Acid**: Dormancy and stress responses.**Plant Responses toEnvironmental Stimuli**:Plant adaptations and responses toenvironmental factors:**Photoperiodism**: Flowering responses today
length.**Tropisms**: Growth responses tolight (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and touch (thigmotropism).**Plant Movements**: Nastic movements and responses toenvironmental cues.**Plant
Adaptations toEnvironmental Stress**:Adaptationsofplants toextreme environmental conditions:**Water Conservation**: Adaptationsindesert plants (e.g., succulence, CAM photosynthesis).**Cold and
Heat Tolerance**: Adaptationsinpolar and desert plants.**Salt Tolerance**: Adaptationsinhalophytes.**Summary and Key Concepts**:The chapter concludes withasummaryofkey concepts related
toplant anatomy and growth, reinforcing understandingofplant structures, functions, growth processes, and adaptations.Chapter 20 providesacomprehensive explorationofplant anatomy and growth,
highlighting thestructural diversity, physiological adaptations, and growth mechanisms that enable plants tothriveindiverse environments. It prepares students forfurther exploration into plant
physiology, ecology, and agriculture coveredinsubsequent chaptersofthetextbook.If you have specific questions about anyofthese topics or would like more detailed informationona particular
aspectofChapter 20, feel free toask!Chapter 21Chapter 21of"EssentialsofBiology" by Sylvia Mader and Michael Windelspecht, titled "Plant Responses and Reproduction," typically covers how plants
respond toenvironmental stimuli and thevarious mechanismsofplant reproduction. Here’s an overviewofwhat you might findinthis chapter:**Plant Responses toEnvironmental
Stimuli**:**Photoperiodism**: Plant responses today length, influencing flowering and other developmental processes.**Tropisms**: Directional growth responses toenvironmental
stimuli:**Phototropism**: Growth towards or away from light.**Gravitropism**: Growth response togravity.**Thigmotropism**: Growth response totouch.**Plant Movements**: Nastic
movementsinresponse toenvironmental cues (e.g., leaf movementsinMimosa pudica).**Plant Reproduction**:**Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)**:**Flower Structure**: Partsoftheflower (sepals,
petals, stamens, carpels).**Pollination**: Transferofpollen from anther tostigma.**Fertilization**: Fusionofmale gamete (pollen) with female gamete (egg) toformazygote.**Seed Development**:
Formationofseed from fertilized ovule.**Fruit Formation**: Developmentoffruit from mature ovary.**Seed Dispersal**: Mechanisms fordispersing seeds away from theparent plant (e.g., wind
11) Why is EMS in a unique position to contribute significantly to mobile integrated health care?
A) EMS providers are familiar with and capable of functioning in the out-of-hospital environment.
B) Ambulances are easily identified.
C) The community trusts uniformed health care providers.
D) EMS providers are familiar with the many routes of medication administration.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 15
Objective: 1-14
12) You have arrived on the scene of a motor vehicle collision. A car has gone off the road and into
a utility pole. The pole is broken and wires are hanging just above the car. You do not see any
sparking or arcing of the wires. The driver of the car is slumped over the steering wheel and not
moving. Several bystanders around the car are yelling for you to help. Which steps represent the
correct order of your response?
A) Clear the bystanders, allow the fire department to secure the wires, access the patient, extricate
the patient, transport
B) Access the patient, clear the bystanders, allow the fire department to secure the wires, extricate
the patient, transport
C) Clear the bystanders, access the patient, extricate the patient, transport, allow the fire
department to secure the wires
D) Access the patient, allow the fire department to secure the wires, clear the bystanders, extricate
the patient, transport
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7-8
Objective: 1-7
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