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NUR 110 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 7 | NEW FULL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 110 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 7 | NEW FULL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 110 Test 71. innate immunity
Answer
Everyone is born with innate immunity (or natural) a type of general protection.
2. Example of innate immunity
Answer
Skin acts as a barrier to block germs from entering the body, and the immune system recognizes
when certain invaders are foreign and could be dangerous.
3. adaptive immunity
Answer
Adaptive or active immunity develops throughout our lives. We develop adaptive immunity
when we're exposed to diseases or immunized against them with vaccines.
4. Passive immunity
Answer
Borrowed from another source and it lasts for a short time.
5. Example of passive immunity
Answer
antibodies in a mother's breast milk give a baby temporary immunity to diseases the mother has
been exposed to
6. What are factors that can decrease the body defense mechanisms against infections
Answer
Stress, age, previous infection.
7. What groups are most vulnerable to catching infections
Answer
,Young children and older adults.
8. What happens to older adults skin as they age
Answer
Becomes less elastic and more prone to breakdown with aging. Elders are also less active and
their nutrition may be inadequate.
9. What is the first line of defense?
Answer
Skin. A break in the skin whether caused by surgical incision, injury, skin breakdown, insect
bite or insertion of an IV needle creates a portal of entry for infectious microorganisms.
10. What is a risk factor for pulmonary infections
Answer
Smoking is a major risk factor for pulmonary infections because it interferes with normal
respiratory functions, including the ability to move the chest, cough, sneeze or have full air
exchange.
11. substance abuse
Answer
Curbs hunger. As a result, many chronic alcohol users do not consume an adequate diet, leading
to vitamin, mineral and protein deficiencies.
12. What environmental factors can increase exposure to pathogens?
Answer
Hospi- tals, nursing homes, childcare areas, schools.
13. Medications are a factor that decrease body defenses against infection because
Answer
Those that lower the immune system like transplant patients, stress, poor nutrition, lack of
exercise, chronic diseases.
14. Standard Precautions
,Answer
The first tier of protection, are for patients with known or suspected infection or colonization of
pathogens.
15. How can pathogens be transmitted
Answer
Contact, droplet or air.
16. What is iCARE
Answer
For all transmission based precautions, institution measures to counteract negative effects of
isolation on patients.
17. Tier 1 or standard precaution principle
Answer
All blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions except sweat, non-intact skin, and mucous
membranes may contain pathogens.
, 18. contact precations
Answer
For organism spread with direct contact with the patient or their environment, most common
form of transmission.
19. ex of contact precautions
Answer
Antibiotic resistant bacteria such as ESBL, MRSA, C.diff (special contact)
20. Droplet precautions
Answer
For pathogen spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory
secretions. Pathogens that do not remain infec- tious over long distances. E
21. Examples of droplet precautions
Answer
pneumonia, influenza, whooping cough, bacterial meningitis, rotavirus.
22. Airborne precautions
Answer
For small pathogens and remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air and
are easily transmitted through air currents. (Fanning linens, ventilating systems)
23. ex of airborne precautions
Answer
TB, shingles
24. Neutropenic precautions
Answer
Used for patients with low levels of WBC such as neutrophils, making the patient immune
compromised.
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