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Pediatric nursing all exam revision questions and correct answers (already graded a+) (2024 update) 100%
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According to Ericksons theory of development why would a toddler view hospitalization as a punishment? - answer- ritualism the need to maintain sameness and reliability provides sense of comfort. Without ritu8als little opportunity to exert autonomy. Consequently, regression and dependency occur...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
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Pediatric nursing all exam revision questions and correct answers
(already graded a+) (2024 update) 100%
According to Ericksons theory of development why would a toddler view hospitalization as a
punishment? - answer- ritualism the need to maintain sameness and reliability provides sense
of comfort. Without ritu8als little opportunity to exert autonomy. Consequently, regression and
dependency occurs

Hearing test for newborn - answer- otoacoustive emission measures intensity sound from the
cochlear hair cells in response to clicks from a probe placed in the ear canal
Does not detect neural damage
Detects inner hearing loss
Does not detect damage to cranial nerve

Parallel play - answer- two toddlers playing side by side, no interaction or sharing

Parenting styles - answer- authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Indifferent

Authoritarian - answer- high control, low warmth
Highly controlling/expect to be obeyed/little communication
Permits little independence
Child outcome:
No negotiation skills, no ability to direct and initiate own activities, frustrated in efforts to achieve
autonomy, girls passive, boys aggressive

Authoritative - answer- moderately high control, high warmth
Sets reasonable limits on behavior
Accepts and encourages growing autonomy
Open communication
Flexible rules
Child outcome: willingly excepts restriction, more self-reliant, self-controlled, socially competent,
better school performance

Permissive - answer- low control, low warmth

,No limit setting
Lacks affection for child ; focused on stress in own life
May show hostility toward or neglect of the child
Child outcome: may become rebellious, aggressive, socially inept, impulsive, may be creative,
active, outgoing

Guidelines for acceptable behavior in children - answer- *set realistic expectations based on
child's age
consistently enforce the expected directions and behaviors
*focus on promoting appropriate and desirable behavior in child
model behavior
review expected behavior for special situations
help distinguish between inside and outside voice
praise or reward child
*tell child of inappropriate behavior as soon as it begins
*when reprimanding, focus on behavior rather that the child
*be alert for when situations arise that may led to misbehaving (tired, hungry)
*friendly reminders to help child gain self control

Cephalocaudal development - answer- development that proceeds from the head toward the
feet

Proximodistal developemtn - answer- development that proceed from the center of the body
outward extremities

Developmental age groups - answer- infancy- birth to 12 months
high level of care in daily activities
Toddlerhood- 1-3 years. Increased motor ability and independent behavior
Preschool- 3-6 years. The preschooler refinees gross and fine motor ability and language skills and
often participates in a preschool learning program
School age- 6-12 years. Begins with entry to school sys. Growing intellectual skills, physical
ability, and independence
Adolescence- 12-18 years. Begins with entry into the teen years. Mature cognitive thought,
formation of identity, and influence of peers import characteristic of adolescence.

, Freud stages - answer- oral- birth to 1 year
pleasure from the mouth, sucking and eating primary
Anal- 1-3 years
childs pleasure centered in anal area
Phallic- 3-6 years
sexual energy center / child works out relationships with parents of same/opposite sexes
Latency- 6-12 years
sexual energy is at rest in passage between earlier stages and adolescence
Genital - 12- adulthood
mature sexuality is achieved physical growth is completed/relationships with other occure

Common defense mechanisms used by children - answer- regression- return to early behavior
Repression- involuntary forgetting of uncomfortable situations
Rationalization- attempt to make unacceptable feelings acceptable
Fantasy- creation of the mind to help deal with unacceptable fear

Examples of stress experienced by toddlers - answer- 1. Separation anxiety from parents, grief
reactions
2. Regression
3. Refusal to eat
4. Difficulty sleeping
Three phases of separation anxiety and behavioral responses exhibited during each phase - answer-
1. Protest; clings to parent to force them to stay
2. Despair, inactive + withdrawn and regress
3. Detachment, denial, after prolonged separation , denies need for parents love, affection to nurses

Nursing interventions to reduce separation anxiety - answer- 1. Encourage family contact
2. Familiar belonging brought from home
3. Provide therapeutic play
4. Accept regression
5. Consistent routine with familiar staff

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