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Pharm Tox Exam Questions with Correct Answers version
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Pharm Tox Exam Questions with CorrectAnswers 2024-2025 version
What is the diagnostic test used for excess growth hormone? - ANSWER oral glucose tolerance
test
The receptors that bind growth hormone are what category of receptors? - ANSWER JAK-STAT
Which of the somatostatin analogs is available in the short and long-acting forms? - ANSWER
Octreotide
What commonly prescribed opiate is 100X more potent than morphine? - ANSWER fentanyl
In the absence of an opiate agonist, an opiate antagonist has what type of effect? - ANSWER no
effect
What is the target of most local anesthetics? - ANSWER sodium channels
What must occur for local anesthetics to be able to diffuse across the membrane? - ANSWER
Must lose a hydrogen group
What are the two types of local anesthetics? - ANSWER amide types, ester types
Give two possible local anesthetic drugs to use for ophthalmology. - ANSWER tetracaine,
proparacaine
,How doe you prolong the action of local anesthetics? - ANSWER add epinephrine to act as
a vasoconstrictor
Melatonin is the principle indoleamine in what gland? - ANSWER pineal
What serves a role in regulating biological rhythms and has been studied as a treatment of
jet lag and other sleep disturbances? - ANSWER melatonin
What is a synthetic tricyclic analogue of melatonin, approved in the US for the treatment
of insomnia (specifically difficulties of sleep onset)? - ANSWER Ramelteon
Melatonin levels in the _______________ rise and fall in a circadian fashion. - ANSWER
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Melatonin acts on what type of receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus? - ANSWER GPCRs
(MT1, MT2)
MT1 or MT2: Binding of agonists to what receptors promotes the onset of sleep? - ANSWER
MT1
MT1 or MT2: Binding of agonists to what receptors shifts the timing of the circadian rhythms? -
ANSWER MT2
MT1 or MT2: What receptor does Ramelteon bind to with high affinity? - ANSWER Both
Pharmacological actions of Ramelteon, Chloral Hydrate, and Meprobamate generally
resemble those of what class of drugs? - ANSWER barbiturates
What drug is used to treat patients with paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines? -
ANSWER Chloral Hydrate
, Chloral Hydrate is rapidly reduced to its active compound known as trichloroethanol
(barbiturate-like effects on GABAa) largely by what enzyme? - ANSWER hepatic alcohol
dehydrogenase
True or False: Meprobamate can cause CNS depression but CANNOT produce anesthesia. -
ANSWER True
Intoxication with Meprobamate can be due to the formation of ______________ which consist
of undissolved meprobamate tablets. - ANSWER gastric bezoars
Abrupt discontinuation of meprobamate evokes ____________ syndrome, usually
characterized by anxiety, insomnia, tremors, and frequent hallucinations. - ANSWER withdrawal
____________ is a rapidly acting and highly lipophilic diisopropylphenol used in the induction
and maintenance of general anesthesia. - ANSWER Propofol
Diphenhydramine and Doxylamine are FDA approved as ingredients in OTC sleep aids. These
are what type of drugs? - ANSWER antihistamines
Suvorexant is an inhibitor of what two receptors and was approved by the FDA in 2014 for
the treatment of insomnia? - ANSWER Orexin 1, Orexin 2
What are produced by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, project broadly throughout the
CNS, and play a major role in regulation of the sleep cycle? - ANSWER Orexins (orexins
promote wakefulness, while antagonists enhance REM and non-REM sleep)
What "new and emerging" sleep aid is a tricyclic antidepressant? - ANSWER Doxepin
Doxepin, a TCA, acts presumably via antagonism of what receptor function when
administered at low doses? - ANSWER H1 Receptor
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