SCSC 301 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
.5 Major Soil Functions - ANSWER-1. Medium for Plant Growth
2. Support for buildings and roads
3. Habitat for organisms
4. Purification of waters and regulator of water supplies
5. Recycling system for nutrients and organic wastes
.5 So...
.A mineral, such as quartz, that has not been altered since its formation from magma is a __________
mineral - ANSWER-primary
.Absorbed cation - ANSWER-Ca^2+ and Mg ^2+
-promotes flocculation and aggregate formation
-soil is triable and easily tilled
-water penetrates easily
-soil does not "puddle" when wet
-has pore space
,.Abundance of elements in Earth's crust Acids/Bases - ANSWER-Acids: Al, Fe
Bases: Ca, Mg, Na, K
.Acid dissolution - ANSWER--weathering is accelerated by acid
-Acid enhances hydration & dissolution reactions
-Acid come from many sources:
water
root & microbe respiration-CO2 -> carbonic acid
organic acids from roots & decomposition of some minerals
pyrite-> sulfuric acid (mineral acids from decomposition of some minerals
.Aggregates - ANSWER--groups of soil particles that hold together
clay-has alot
silt-some
sand-few to no aggregates
.Alluvial - ANSWER-flowing water
.Alluvial parent material - ANSWER--flowing water(streams,rivers) carries sediments that are deposited
in three general classes
-soils can rage widely by texture, depending on the energy of the water transporting the sediment
three basic types:
-flood plain-> deposits material
-Alluvial fan
-delta-> flowing -> still water
(they all make sediments that leads to alluvial soil
.Another word for soil organic matter is ________. - ANSWER-humus
,.As a primary mineral weathers to form secondary minerals, elements can sometimes be lost. Which of
the following are most likely to be lost to leaching? (Select all that apply) - ANSWER-Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Sodium (Na)
Magnesium (Mg)
.As these minerals decompose, they release elements .. - ANSWER-Silicon (Si)
Aluminium (Al)
Iron (Fe)
.atterberg limits - ANSWER-Water contents where the soil properties change from solid-like to plastic-
like to liquid-like
.B horizon - ANSWER-subsoil horizon that is a zone of accumulation
-usually gain of clay, oxides, salts, minerals
.B-horizon - ANSWER--accumulation of clay and oxides development of blocky structures
.Biochemical weathering processes - ANSWER--organic acids contribute to complexation reactions (
citrate, oxalate, malate can affect soil weathering process
.biological weathering - ANSWER-Plants and microbes can do both physical and chemical processes
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