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OCT 225 Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Verified Answers
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OCT 225 Exam | Questions with 100% Correct Verified Answers
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OCT 225 Exam | Questions with 100%Correct Verified Answers
Understand the basic blood supply to the brain and what occurs when each
artery is impacted.
What is the basic blood supply to the brain?
What occurs when each artery is impacted? (See stroke chart)
On the Right
Aortic arch --> Brachiocephalic artery
--> Right Common Carotid
--> Right Subclavian Artery --> Right Vertebral artery
On the Left
Aortic arch -->
--> Left common carotid artery
--> Left Subclavian artery --> Left Vertebral artery
Internal Carotid Arteries
Enter the brain at the optic chiasm
Supply the major arteries of the brain (circle of willis)
Vertebral Arteries
Enter the brain at the foramen magnum
Supply the major arteries of the brain
,Understand the different types of strokes.
What are the two types of stroke?
Which is the most common?
Ischemic stroke (most common) results when a blood vessel becomes blocked by either
a thrombus or embolus
Hemorrhagic stroke is a result of rupture or perforation of blood vessel within the brain
caused by aneurysm (wall gets thinner from pressure, bursts), arteriovenous
malformation (AVM - abnormality where arteries and veins come together), or
traumatic event; results in edema/compression of brain tissue that can be fatal
(craniotomy - remove skull to reduce pressure)
Understand the different types of strokes.
What are the three types of ischemic stroke?
Which is the most common?
Thrombotic (most common): a blood clot forms within a blood vessel wall in the brain
(bigger arteries), Gradual onset: Occurs over several days, Often occurs in larger
vessels: Internal carotid vessels, vertebral arteries, and basilar artery
Embolic: a blood clot forms within the heart or a major blood vessel of the brain;
interrupt blood flow, Affect smaller blood vessels: MCA - middle cerebral artery
(most common), ACA, PCA, etc., Sudden onset
Lacunar infarcts: small clots located in brainstem and subcortical regions. Often arteries
that run deep in the brain supplying structures such as: basal ganglia, internal capsule,
and brainstem, Often occlusion of smaller branches of MCA or PCA; sometimes in
ACA, vertebral and basilar arteries, Sudden onset
,Understand the different types of strokes.
What are the two types of hemorrhagic stroke?
Subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH) - Bleeding into the space between the brain and the
cranium in an area called the subarachnoid space.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) - Bleeding directly into brain tissue and is usually
caused by vascular malformation, hypertension, or perforated blood vessel
Understand the differences between left hemisphere and right
hemisphere functioning.
What are the major functions of the left hemisphere?
What are the major functions of the right hemisphere?
(Review Week 3 Right and Left Brain)
2 hemispheres : Right and Left
Highest level of thinking, moving, and acting
Left Hemisphere:
Mathematical calculations, Language
Linear/concrete thinking
Sensory/motor info of R side of body
Right Hemisphere:
Interprets perceptual/spatial info
Abstract and creative thinking
Interprets tonal inflections of language and helps with understanding
symbolism/metaphors
Sensory/motor info of L side of body
, Understand the upper extremity peripheral nerve functions and deficits related to
injury to each of these.
What is the brachial plexus and what does it supply?
What are the end points of the brachial plexus?
Brachial plexus: major network of peripheral spinal nerves, C5-C8 and T1
Supply the sensory and motor information of the UEs
For now, remember end points:
musculocutaneous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar
Understand the upper extremity peripheral nerve functions and deficits related to
injury to each of these.
What is Erb's palsy?
Occurs when baby is exiting birth canal.
Head and neck of the infant turn as the infant's shoulders are exiting the birth canal.
Affects the upper Brachial Plexus:
C5-C7 spinal roots
UE (shorter) is usually adducted, internally rotated, and extended at the elbow with loss
of sensation noted as well on the UE
Associated with decrease in postural control.
(Can also occur after birth from swinging a child by one arm/arms)
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