SOCL 2001 Exam Study Guide
Sociology - Answer-- study of society
- One of the social sciences
- Disciplines that examine the human and social world
- looks at a broad range of institutions- structures in our society (education and politics) to
better understand social relationships
Everyday A...
Harriett Martineau - Answer✔✔-- a social activist who traveled the US and wrote about social
changes that are radical for this time period
- she translated Comte's work into English making his idea accessible to England and America
Herbert Spencer - Answer✔✔-- first great English-speaking sociologist
- believed in evolution and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"
- believed that societies evolve through time by adapting to their changing environment.
- his philosophy is often referred to as Social Darwinism
Emile Durkheim - Answer✔✔-- like Comte, Durkheim worked for establish sociology as an
important academic discipline
- in 'Suicide', he studied the relationship between social isolation and suicide at the macro-level
Karl Marx - Answer✔✔-- German philosopher and political activist who contributed significantly
to sociology's conflict theory
- theorized that capitalism created social inequality between the bourgeoisie (owned the means
of production) and the proletariat (the workers)
- predicted that inequality leads to class conflict
Max Weber - Answer✔✔-- Also studied how society was becoming industrialized
- concerned with the process of rationalization (applying economic logic to all human activity)
- he believed that contemporary life was filled with disenchantment
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