Explain the difference between the two types of cilia. - ✔✔Stereocilia:
• 100 of these on a single cell that are each anchored in the cuticular plate
Kinocilium
• Only one per hair cell
• Longer than the stereocilia and has no actin
• Eccentrically located, near the cuticular plate
• Polarizes the apical surface of the hair cell
What happens when the ciliary tuft is bent in the direction of the kinocilium? -
✔✔If it is bent towards the kinocilium, potassium channels open and the hair cell
is excited.
,What happens when the ciliary tuft is bent away from the direction of the
kinicilium? - ✔✔If it is bent away from the kinocilum, the cell is inhibited.
What movement stimulates the saccule? - ✔✔The saccule is stimulated
by vertical linear acceleration.
What movement stimulates the utricle? - ✔✔The utricle is stimulated
by horizontal linear acceleration or static head tilt.
,Explain what makes up the otolithic membrane and how it responds to different
movement. - ✔✔Crystals add weight to the otolithic membrane and enable it
to respond to two types of stimuli:
• Tilting of the head: gravity pulls on the membrane and bends the ciliary tufts
• Rapid linear acceleration or deceleration of the head: inertia delays the
movement of the heavy otolithic membrane and causes it to pull on the cilia
What does the cupula respond to? - ✔✔Cupula responds to angular
acceleration and deceleration (head moves relative to the rest of the body)
What does the macula respond to? - ✔✔Macula responds to linear
movement (head and body move together)
What is complementary coding - ✔✔Ducts on one side of the head are
paired with those on the other side of the head.
, Where does the vestubular division of the vestibulocochlear nerve enter the
brainstem? - ✔✔Cerebellopontene angle (CPA)
What does the superior vestibular nerve innervate? - ✔✔The horizontal
and anterior SCC ans well as the utricle.
What does the inferior vestibular nerve innervate? - ✔✔The posterior SCC
and the saccule.
From where does the vestibular end organ blood supply arise? - ✔✔Through
the labyrinthine artery which arises from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery.
What system synergizes all motor movements? - ✔✔The cerebellum.
What is the vestibulocollic reflex? - ✔✔causes your head to rotate in
one direction when your body rotates in the oposite direction.
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