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ANP 1105 Final Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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ANP 1105 Final Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answerswhat are the 3 layers of blood vessels? -ANSWER Tunica intima, tunica media and tunica
externa
Innermost tunica intima -ANSWER Simple squamous epithelium to allow a low friction
surface
Middle tunica media -ANSWER Smooth muscle and elastic tissue to control the diameter
Outermost tunica externa -ANSWER Nerve and elastic fibers
Vasa vasorum -ANSWER Tiny blood vessels that supply blood for larger ones
Smooth muscle constriction in order to reduce diameter
Smooth muscle dilation in order to increase diameter
Elastic arteries - ANSWER Thick walled and near heart. They have the largest lumens
and are considered to be the conducting vessels send blood from heart to medium
arteries
Atherosclerosis - ANSWER Hardening of the arteries. Blood flow gushes/trickles as the
heart beats, causing the vessel walls to weaken or eventually balloon out (aneurysm), or
burst
Muscular arteries - ANSWER Considered to be the distributing vessels-deliver blood to
organs. Diameter ranges greatly
,Arterioles - ANSWER The resistance vessels: diameter determines blood flow to
capillaries as a mechanism of homeostasis that responds to neural, hormonal, and
chemical influences
Capillaries - ANS Microscopic vessels with thin walls. They allow the exchange of
gasses, nutrients and hormones between the blood and the interstitial fluid (then to the
tissues)
Continuous capillaries - ANS Least permeable and most common
Fenestrated capillaries - ANS Fenestrations increase permeability
Sinusoid capillaries - ANS Most permeable to allow large cells to pass. Incomplete
basement membrane and large intercellular cleft
Capillary beds - ANS Connections between terminal arterioles and postcapillary
venules. True capillaries are the exchange vessels and the vascular shunt (thoroughfare
channel) bypasses tissue cells
Precapillary sphincter - ANS A smooth muscle cuff that regulates blood flow (like a
valve)
Veins ANS Return blood to the heart from the venules. Have thin walls because of the
low pressure, and large lumens so that blood can be returned to the heart at the same
rate that it is pumped out
Venous valves ANS Prevent blood from flowing backwards, made from folds of tunica
intima and are mostly in the lower limbs
Sinuses- ANS Specialized veins w/ thick endothelium walls, example is the coronary
sinus
, Varicose veins- ANS Homeostatic imbalance, dilated veins caused by incompetent
valves. Blood pools in the lower limbs and causes valves to weaken
Stages of atherosclerosis- ANS Injury to the endothelium, lipids accumulate and oxidize
in the tunica intima, smooth muscle cells proliferate and then the plaque enlarges and
becomes unstable
Consequences of atherosclerosis - ANSWER Increases the risk of clot formation, may
be associated with aneurysm, angina, heart attack, stroke
Treatment of atherosclerosis - ANSWER Coronary artery bypass and graft surgery,
angioplasty, stenting or thrombolytic agents
Blood flow - ANSWER Quantity of blood flowing through vessel/organ/entire circulatory
system in a given time (mL/min)
Blood pressure - ANSWER force exerted on a vessel wall by contained blood (mmHg). A
pressure gradient results from differences in BP between two points
Resistance - ANSWER Opposition to blood flow due to friction encountered in the
vessels
Blood viscosity - ANSWER Resistance to flow of fluids (increased viscosity=molecules
cannot slide past eachother as well)
Relationship between blood flow and blood pressure - ANSWER Blood flow is directly
proportional to the difference in blood pressure (+pressure, +flow)
Relationship between blood flow and peripheral resistance - ANSWER Blood flow is
inversely proportional to peripheral resistance (-resistance, +flow)
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