dysfunction correct answers Behavior which represents inadequate and inappropriate responses
to environmental demands.
•This means that the person has lost the ability to engage in goal-directed behavior that promotes
the well-being of the society and the individual.
deviance correct answers behavior deviates from norms; An obvious problem in relying on this
as a definition is that norms are not absolute. They tend to change across different cultures and
they change over time.
distress correct answers causing psychological or physical discomfort; most theorists behavior
must reach this level before it is considered abnormal
dangerousness correct answers Tendency to violence that, contrary to popular opinion, is not
more likely among mental patients.
multicultural perspective correct answers all behavior originates and is in context with ones
culture
maladaptive behavior correct answers doesn't account for contextualization, no adaptation -
imbalance of what the environment requires from and individual and the individuals behavior
deviance behavior correct answers all maladaptive behavior is deviant (because not being able to
adapt to norm is deviant) , not all deviant behavior is maladaptive (deviant behavior could be
above average intelligence)
prehistoric correct answers evil spirits were the cause of mental illness; trephination or exorcism
used as treatment
trephination correct answers carving or drilling holes in the skull to release demonic spirits,
many people died or caused more abnormal behavior
Greeks and romans correct answers Fathered by Hippocrates; believed we are governed by the
balance of four humors; yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm
renaissance correct answers •With increased scientific knowledge, demonological views of
abnormality continued to decline
Treatment
•Asylums emerged by the mid-sixteenth century—institutions whose primary purpose was the
care of the mentally ill
•But with overcrowding the asylums became virtual prisons
19th century correct answers •Care of people with mental disorders began to improve
•Pinel (France) and Tuke (England) advocated moral treatment that emphasized humane and
respectful techniques
•Benjamin Rush (father of American psychiatry) and Dorothea Dix (Boston schoolteacher)
promoted moral treatment in the United States
20th century correct answers focus on deinstitutionalization and dual perspectives (somatogenic
and psychogenic)
Somatogenic correct answers •Abnormal functioning has physical causes
•Kraepelin: physical factors responsible for mental dysfunction
psychogenic correct answers •Abnormal functioning has psychological causes
•Rise in popularity based on work with hypnotism
Deinstitutionalization correct answers moving people with psychological or developmental
disabilities from highly structured institutions to home- or community-based settings
Effects of deinstitutionalization correct answers •Only 14 or so psychiatric beds per every
100,000 people in U.S., a 95 percent decline from the 1950s
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